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"Macrorealism" posits that a system possesses definite properties at all times and that we can discover these properties, in principle, without disturbing the system's subsequent behaviour. The Leggett-Garg inequalities are derived under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Arush Garg , Jonathan Halliwell , Taejas Venkataraman

Weak measurement has provided new insight into the nature of quantum measurement, by demonstrating the ability to extract average state information without fully projecting the system. For single qubit measurements, this partial projection…

The rise of quantum information theory has lent new relevance to experimental tests for non-classicality, particularly in controversial cases such as adiabatic quantum computing superconducting circuits. The Leggett-Garg inequality is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Mark M. Wilde , Ari Mizel

In this work we study temporal quantum correlations, quantified by Leggett-Garg (LG) and LG-type inequalities, in the $B$ and $K$ meson systems. We use the tools of open quantum systems to incorporate the effect of decoherence which is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-04 Javid Naikoo , Ashutosh Kumar Alok , Subhashish Banerjee

Despite the great success of quantum mechanics, questions regarding its application still exist and the boundary between quantum and classical mechanics remains unclear. Based on the philosophical assumptions of macrorealism and noninvasive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-24 Jin-Shi Xu , Chuan-Feng Li , Xu-Bo Zou , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum non-demolition measurements define a non-invasive protocol to extract information from a quantum system that we aim to monitor. They exploit an additional quantum system that is sequentially coupled to the system. Eventually, by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Paolo Solinas , Stefano Gherardini

Gauge theory and thermalization are both foundations of physics and nowadays are both topics of essential importance for modern quantum science and technology. Simulating lattice gauge theories (LGTs) realized recently with ultracold atoms…

We interpret the Leggett-Garg (LG) inequality as a kind of contextual probabilistic inequality in which one combines data collected in experiments performed for three different contexts. In the original version of the inequality these…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-18 Masanari Asano , Takahisa Hashimoto , Andrei Khrennikov , Masanori Ohya , Yoshiharu Tanaka

We show that the quantum bound for temporal correlations in a Leggett-Garg test, analogous to the Tsirelson bound for spatial correlations in a Bell test, strongly depends on the number of levels $N$ that can be accessed by the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-31 Costantino Budroni , Clive Emary

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Tyler A. Cochran , Bernhard Jobst , Eliott Rosenberg , Yuri D. Lensky , Gaurav Gyawali , Norhan Eassa , Melissa Will , Dmitry Abanin , Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie Beni , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Jahan Claes , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Sean Demura , Laura De Lorenzo , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Jeremy Hilton , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Bryce Kobrin , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Kim-Ming Lau , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Loïck Le Guevel , Wing Yan Li , Alexander T. Lill , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrà , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Kevin C. Miao , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Ramis Movassagh , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , William D. Oliver , Kristoffer Ottosson , Alex Pizzuto , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Volodymyr Sivak , Spencer Small , W. Clarke Smith , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobris , Sergio Boixo , Julian Kelly , Erik Lucero , Yu Chen , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven , Adam Gammon-Smith , Frank Pollmann , Michael Knap , Pedram Roushan

The quantum superposition principle states that an entity can exist in two different states simultaneously, counter to our 'classical' intuition. Is it possible to understand a given system's behaviour without such a concept? A test…

The spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been viewed as the most promising probes of the possible violations of Lorentz invariance (LIV). However, these constraints usually depend on the assumption of the unknown intrinsic time lag…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 Shen-Shi Du , Lin Lan , Jun-Jie Wei , Zi-Ming Zhou , He Gao , Lu-Yao Jiang , Bin-Bin Zhang , Zi-Ke Liu , Xue-Feng Wu , En-Wei Liang , Zong-Hong Zhu

The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities were proposed in order to assess whether sets of pairs of sequential measurements on a single quantum system can be consistent with an underlying notion of macrorealism. Here, the LG inequalities are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-02 J. J. Halliwell

We show how a test of macroscopic realism based on Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGIs) can be performed in a macroscopic system. Using a continuous-variable approach, we consider quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements applied to atomic…

The connection between the Leggett-Garg inequality and optimal scenarios from the point of view of quantum metrology is investigated for perfect and noisy general dichotomic measurements. In this context, we show that the Fisher information…

In the ``Type-II'' regime, $m_{\rm Higgs}\gap m_{\rm gauge}$, the finite-temperature phase transition in spontaneously-broken gauge theories (including the standard model) must be be studied using a renormalization group treatment. Previous…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 John March-Russell

Lorentz symmetry is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. However, a number of theories aiming at unifying gravity with the other fundamental interactions including string field theory suggest violation of Lorentz symmetry [1-4]. While…

To date, frequency-dependent squeezed light has been used to reduce quantum noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors by 6.1 dB (a factor of two). Future upgrades and detectors aim to both reduce quantum noise by 10 dB (a factor…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-28 Kevin Kuns , Daniel Brown

In some quantum gravity (QG) theories, Lorentz symmetry may be broken above the Planck scale. The Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) may induce observable effects at low energies and be detected at high energy astrophysical measurements.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-03 Yu-Ming Yang , Xiao-Jun Bi , Peng-Fei Yin

We demonstrate violation of objective realism in quantum world using unconstrained weak measurements. Instead of limited Leggett-Garg approach with artificial bounds on the observed values, we assume two identical and indepenent weak…

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