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Related papers: Retrofitting a two-way peg between blockchains

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In this paper, we present a protocol for facilitating trust-less cross-chain cryptocurrency transfers that preserve privacy of bridge withdrawals. We leverage zero-knowledge primitives that are commonly used to design cryptocurrency mixing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Drew Stone

We describe the Lockchain Protocol, a lightweight Bitcoin meta-protocol that enables highly efficient transaction discovery at zero marginal block space cost, and data verification without introducing any new on-chain storage mechanism. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Nikodem Tomczak

Smart contracts are a secure and trustworthy application that plays a vital role in decentralized applications in various fields such as insurance,the internet, and gaming. However, in recent years, smart contract security breaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jixuan Wu , Lei Xie , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts enable users to execute payments depending on complex program logic. Ethereum is the most notable example of a blockchain that supports smart contracts leveraged for countless applications including games, auctions and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Tommaso Frassetto , Patrick Jauernig , David Koisser , David Kretzler , Benjamin Schlosser , Sebastian Faust , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system. Its mining process requires intense computational resources, therefore its usefulness remains a disputable topic. We aim to solve three problems with Bitcoin and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Alexander Chepurnoy , Mario Larangeira , Alexander Ojiganov

Blockchain is a distributed ledger, which is protected against malicious modifications by means of cryptographic tools, e.g. digital signatures and hash functions. One of the most prominent applications of blockchains is cryptocurrencies,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-20 E. O. Kiktenko , M. A. Kudinov , A. K. Fedorov

Bitcoin and Ethereum, whose miners arguably collectively comprise the most powerful computational resource in the history of mankind, offer no more power for processing and verifying transactions than a typical smart phone. The system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Jason Teutsch , Christian Reitwießner

In order to have transactions executed and recorded on blockchains such as the Ethereum Mainnet, fees expressed in crypto-currency units of the blockchain must be paid. One can buy crypto-currency called Ether of the Ethereum blockchain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Serdar Metin , Can Özturan

Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform and operating system featuring smart contract functionality. In this paper, we proposed an Ethereum based eletronic voting (e-voting) protocol, Ques-Chain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Qixuan Zhang , Bowen Xu , Haotian Jing , Zeyu Zheng

Demand for blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is far larger than supply, necessitating a mechanism that selects a subset of transactions to include "on-chain" from the pool of all pending transactions. This paper investigates the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tim Roughgarden

Bitcoin's Proof of Work (PoW) mechanism, while central to achieving decentralized consensus, has long been criticized for excessive energy use and hardware inefficiencies \cite{devries2018bitcoin, truby2018decarbonizing}. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mohammad Ishzaz Asif Rafid , Morsalin Sakib

Blockchain is the underlying technology for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Blockchain is a robust distributed ledger that uses consensus algorithms to approve transactions in a decentralized manner, making malicious tampering extremely…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Atsushi Masumori , Norihiro Maruyama , Takashi Ikegami

User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Blockchain technology promises to revolutionize manufacturing industries. For example, several supply-chain use-cases may benefit from transparent asset tracking and automated processes using smart contracts. Several real-world deployments…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Christina Müller , Marcus Brandenburger , Christian Cachin , Pascal Felber , Christian Göttel , Valerio Schiavoni

Blockchain systems, such as Ethereum, use an approach called "metering" to assign a cost to smart contract execution, an approach which is designed to incentivise miners to operate the network and protect it against DoS attacks. In the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Daniel Perez , Benjamin Livshits

Recently, graph embedding techniques have been widely used in the analysis of various networks, but most of the existing embedding methods omit the network dynamics and the multiplicity of edges, so it is difficult to accurately describe…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Jiajing Wu , Dan Lin , Zibin Zheng , Qi Yuan

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have recently gained a lot of popularity, not only as a digital form of currency but also as an investment vehicle. Online marketplaces and exchanges allow users across the world to convert…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Francesco Bortolussi , Zeger Hoogeboom , Frank W. Takes

Blockchain is a core technology to manage the value of cryptocurrencies, or to record trails of important business trades. The Smart Contract on blockchain is expected to improve security on blockchain system with automated operation, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Shingo Fujimoto , Yoshiki Higashikado , Takuma Takeuchi

The number of embedded devices that connect to a wireless network has been growing for the past decade. This interaction creates a network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices where data travel continuously. With the increase of devices and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Marc Jayson Baucas , Petros~Spachos , Konstantinos Plataniotis

As known, blockchains are traditionally blind to the real world. This implies the reliance on third parties called oracles when extrinsic data is needed for smart contracts. However, reintroducing trust and single point of failure, oracles…

General Economics · Economics 2021-12-28 Giulio Caldarelli