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In the context of growing networks, we introduce a simple dynamical model that unifies the generic features of real networks: scale-free distribution of degree and the small world effect. While the average shortest path length increases…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Konstantin Klemm , Victor M. Eguiluz

We introduce a new mechanism of connectivity evolution in networks to account for the emergence of scale-free behavior. The mechanism works on a fixed set of nodes and promotes growth from a minimally connected initial topology by the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Valmir C. Barbosa , Raul Donangelo , Sergio R. Souza

The goal of is to study how increased variability in the degree distribution impacts the global connectivity properties of a large network. We approach this question by modeling the network as a uniform random graph with a given degree…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Lasse Leskelä , Hoa Ngo

A projective network model is a model that enables predictions to be made based on a subsample of the network data, with the predictions remaining unchanged if a larger sample is taken into consideration. An exchangeable model is a model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-13 A. P. Kartun-Giles , D. Krioukov , J. P. Gleeson , Y. Moreno , G. Bianconi

The degree distribution is a key statistical indicator in network theory, often used to understand how information spreads across connected nodes. In this paper, we focus on non-growing networks formed through a rewiring algorithm and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-11 Jonathan Franceschi , Lorenzo Pareschi , Mattia Zanella

We study the traffic-driven epidemic spreading on scale-free networks with tunable degree distribution. The heterogeneity of networks is controlled by the exponent $\gamma$ of power-law degree distribution. It is found that the epidemic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-14 Han-Xin Yang , Bing-Hong Wang

Using a simple model with link removals as well as link additions, we show that an evolving network is scale free with a degree exponent in the range of (2, 4]. We then establish a relation between the network evolution and a set of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dinghua Shi , Liming Liu , Xiang Zhu , Huijie Zhou , Binbin Wang

We study the structural constraint of random scale-free networks that determines possible combinations of the degree exponent $\gamma$ and the upper cutoff $k_c$ in the thermodynamic limit. We employ the framework of graphicality…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-20 Yongjoo Baek , Daniel Kim , Meesoon Ha , Hawoong Jeong

Complex network theory crucially depends on the assumptions made about the degree distribution, while fitting degree distributions to network data is challenging, in particular for scale-free networks with power-law degrees. We present a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-28 Judith Brugman , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Clara Stegehuis

Scale-free networks constitute a fast-developing field that has already provided us with important tools to understand natural and social phenomena. From biological systems to environmental modifications, from quantum fields to high energy…

General Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Airton Deppman , Evandro Oliveira Andrade Segundo

The availability of large scale streaming network data has reinforced the ubiquity of power-law distributions in observations and enabled precision measurements of the distribution parameters. The increased accuracy of these measurements…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-23 Pat Devlin , Jeremy Kepner , Ashley Luo , Erin Meger

We present a framework to define a large class of neural networks for which, by construction, training by gradient flow provably reaches arbitrarily low loss when the number of parameters grows. Distinct from the fixed-space global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 David A. R. Robin , Kevin Scaman , Marc Lelarge

Complex networks across various fields are often considered to be scale free -- a statistical property usually solely characterized by a power-law distribution of the nodes' degree $k$. However, this characterization is incomplete. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-24 Xiangyi Meng , Bin Zhou

We analyze about two hundred naturally occurring networks with distinct dynamical origins to formally test whether the commonly assumed hypothesis of an underlying scale-free structure is generally viable. This has recently been questioned…

A network is scale-free if its connectivity density function is proportional to a power-law distribution. Scale-free networks may provide an explanation for the robustness observed in certain physical and biological phenomena, since the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-03 Peter Clote

Various important and useful quantities or measures that characterize the topological network structure are usually investigated for a network, then they are averaged over the samples. In this paper, we propose an explicit representation by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-02 Yukio Hayashi

Generative mechanisms which lead to empirically observed structure of networked systems from diverse fields like biology, technology and social sciences form a very important part of study of complex networks. The structure of many…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-03 Snehal M. Shekatkar , G. Ambika

The formation of triangles in complex networks is an important network property that has received tremendous attention. The formation of triangles is often studied through the clustering coefficient. The closure coefficient or transitivity…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-11 Clara Stegehuis

Using probabilistic approach, the transient dynamics of sparsely connected Hopfield neural networks is studied for arbitrary degree distributions. A recursive scheme is developed to determine the time evolution of overlap parameters. As…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-11-09 Pan Zhang , Yong Chen

In a recursive way and by including a parameter, we introduce a family of deterministic scale-free networks. The resulting networks exhibit small-world effects. We calculate the exact results for the degree exponent, the clustering…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhongzhi Zhang , Lili Rong