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The IceAct telescopes are Imaging Air Cherenkov telescopes installed as part of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the geographic South Pole. They consist of a 61 pixel camera and are small and robust to withstand the harsh environmental…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Larissa Paul

Astronomical imaging can be broadly classified into two types. The first type is amplitude interferometry, which includes conventional optical telescopes and Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). The second type is intensity…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-04 Manuel Bojer , Zixin Huang , Sebastian Karl , Stefan Richter , Pieter Kok , J. von Zanthier

VERITAS, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System, is an array of four 12 m diameter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for gamma-ray astronomy above 100 GeV currently in operation in Arizona. The VERITAS…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 P. Cogan

The Cherenkov Telescope Array is a next generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory de- signed to detect photons in the 20 GeV to 300 TeV energy range. With a sensitivity improvement of up to one order of magnitude on the entire energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Roberta Zanin , Jamie Holder

Gamma-ray astronomy at energies in excess of 100 GeV is carried out using arrays of imaging Cherenkov telescopes. Each telescope comprises a large reflector, of order 10 m diameter, made of many mirror facets, and a camera consisting of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-01 Sean Griffin , David Hanna

In this white paper, submitted as a part of Snowmass 2013 (subgroup CF2), we examine the current status and future prospects of the VERITAS indirect dark matter detection program. The VERITAS array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov…

In my contribution I review the status of indirect detection of dark matter with gamma-rays, including results of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope as well as Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), like H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. I…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-30 Jan Conrad

The sensitivity of an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescope is calibrated by shining, from a distant pulsed monochromatic light source, a defined photon flux onto the mirror. The light pulse is captured and reconstructed by the telescope…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 A. Frass , C. Koehler , G. Hermann , M. Hess , W. Hofmann

Intensity interferometry (II) exploits the second-order correlation to acquire the spatial frequency information of an object, which has been used to observe distant stars since 1950s. However, due to unreliability of employed imaging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-12-08 Wentao Wang , Qi Han , Hui Chen , Yuan Yuan , Zhuo Xu

The Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA, will be the major global observatory for very high energy gamma-ray astronomy over the next decade and beyond. The scientific potential of CTA is extremely broad: from understanding the role of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-27 The Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium , : , B. S. Acharya , I. Agudo , I. Al Samarai , R. Alfaro , J. Alfaro , C. Alispach , R. Alves Batista , J. -P. Amans , E. Amato , G. Ambrosi , E. Antolini , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , M. Araya , T. Armstrong , F. Arqueros , L. Arrabito , K. Asano , M. Ashley , M. Backes , C. Balazs , M. Balbo , O. Ballester , J. Ballet , A. Bamba , M. Barkov , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , Y. Becherini , A. Belfiore , W. Benbow , D. Berge , E. Bernardini , M. G. Bernardini , M. Bernardos , K. Bernlöhr , B. Bertucci , B. Biasuzzi , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , E. Bissaldi , J. Biteau , O. Blanch , J. Blazek , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , G. Bonanno , A. Bonardi , C. Bonavolontà , G. Bonnoli , Z. Bosnjak , M. Böttcher , C. Braiding , J. Bregeon , A. Brill , A. M. Brown , P. Brun , G. Brunetti , T. Buanes , J. Buckley , V. Bugaev , R. Bühler , A. Bulgarelli , T. Bulik , M. Burton , A. Burtovoi , G. Busetto , R. Canestrari , M. Capalbi , F. Capitanio , A. Caproni , P. Caraveo , V. Cárdenas , C. Carlile , R. Carosi , E. Carquín , J. Carr , S. Casanova , E. Cascone , F. Catalani , O. Catalano , D. Cauz , M. Cerruti , P. Chadwick , S. Chaty , R. C. G. Chaves , A. Chen , X. Chen , M. Chernyakova , M. Chikawa , A. Christov , J. Chudoba , M. Cieślar , V. Coco , S. Colafrancesco , P. Colin , V. Conforti , V. Connaughton , J. Conrad , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , A. Costa , H. Costantini , G. Cotter , S. Covino , R. Crocker , J. Cuadra , O. Cuevas , P. Cumani , A. D'Aì , F. D'Ammando , P. D'Avanzo , D. D'Urso , M. Daniel , I. Davids , B. Dawson , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , R. de Cássia dos Anjos , G. De Cesare , A. De Franco , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , I. de la Calle , R. de los Reyes Lopez , B. De Lotto , A. De Luca , M. De Lucia , M. de Naurois , E. de Oña Wilhelmi , F. De Palma , F. De Persio , V. de Souza , C. Deil , M. Del Santo , C. Delgado , D. della Volpe , T. Di Girolamo , F. Di Pierro , L. Di Venere , C. Díaz , C. Dib , S. Diebold , A. Djannati-Ataï , A. Domínguez , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , H. Drass , D. Dravins , G. Dubus , V. V. Dwarkadas , J. Ebr , C. Eckner , K. Egberts , S. Einecke , T. R. N. Ekoume , D. Elsässer , J. -P. Ernenwein , C. Espinoza , C. Evoli , M. Fairbairn , D. Falceta-Goncalves , A. Falcone , C. Farnier , G. Fasola , E. Fedorova , S. Fegan , M. Fernandez-Alonso , A. Fernández-Barral , G. Ferrand , M. Fesquet , M. Filipovic , V. Fioretti , G. Fontaine , M. Fornasa , L. Fortson , L. Freixas Coromina , C. Fruck , Y. Fujita , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , M. Füßling , S. Gabici , A. Gadola , Y. Gallant , B. Garcia , R. Garcia López , M. Garczarczyk , J. Gaskins , T. Gasparetto , M. Gaug , L. Gerard , G. Giavitto , N. Giglietto , P. Giommi , F. Giordano , E. Giro , M. Giroletti , A. Giuliani , J. -F. Glicenstein , R. Gnatyk , N. Godinovic , P. Goldoni , G. Gómez-Vargas , M. M. González , J. M. González , D. Götz , J. Graham , P. Grandi , J. Granot , A. J. Green , T. Greenshaw , S. Griffiths , S. Gunji , D. Hadasch , S. Hara , M. J. Hardcastle , T. Hassan , K. Hayashi , M. Hayashida , M. Heller , J. C. Helo , G. Hermann , J. Hinton , B. Hnatyk , W. Hofmann , J. Holder , D. Horan , J. Hörandel , D. Horns , P. Horvath , T. Hovatta , M. Hrabovsky , D. Hrupec , T. B. Humensky , M. Hütten , M. Iarlori , T. Inada , Y. Inome , S. Inoue , T. Inoue , Y. Inoue , F. Iocco , K. Ioka , M. Iori , K. Ishio , Y. Iwamura , M. Jamrozy , P. Janecek , D. Jankowsky , P. Jean , I. Jung-Richardt , J. Jurysek , P. Kaaret , S. Karkar , H. Katagiri , U. Katz , N. Kawanaka , D. Kazanas , B. Khélifi , D. B. Kieda , S. Kimeswenger , S. Kimura , S. Kisaka , J. Knapp , J. Knödlseder , B. Koch , K. Kohri , N. Komin , K. Kosack , M. Kraus , M. Krause , F. Krauß , H. Kubo , G. Kukec Mezek , H. Kuroda , J. Kushida , N. La Palombara , G. Lamanna , R. G. Lang , J. Lapington , O. Le Blanc , S. Leach , J. -P. Lees , J. Lefaucheur , M. A. Leigui de Oliveira , J. -P. Lenain , R. Lico , M. Limon , E. Lindfors , T. Lohse , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , R. López-Coto , C. -C. Lu , F. Lucarelli , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , E. Lyard , M. C. Maccarone , G. Maier , P. Majumdar , G. Malaguti , D. Mandat , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , S. Mangano , A. Marcowith , J. Marín , S. Markoff , J. Martí , P. Martin , M. Martínez , G. Martínez , N. Masetti , S. Masuda , G. Maurin , N. Maxted , D. Mazin , C. Medina , A. Melandri , S. Mereghetti , M. Meyer , I. A. Minaya , N. Mirabal , R. Mirzoyan , A. Mitchell , T. Mizuno , R. Moderski , M. Mohammed , L. Mohrmann , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende-Parrilla , K. Mori , G. Morlino , P. Morris , A. Morselli , E. Moulin , R. Mukherjee , C. Mundell , T. Murach , H. Muraishi , K. Murase , A. Nagai , S. Nagataki , T. Nagayoshi , T. Naito , T. Nakamori , Y. Nakamura , J. Niemiec , D. Nieto , M. Nikołajuk , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , D. Nosek , B. Novosyadlyj , S. Nozaki , P. O'Brien , L. Oakes , Y. Ohira , M. Ohishi , S. Ohm , N. Okazaki , A. Okumura , R. A. Ong , M. Orienti , R. Orito , J. P. Osborne , M. Ostrowski , N. Otte , I. Oya , M. Padovani , A. Paizis , M. Palatiello , M. Palatka , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , G. Pareschi , R. D. Parsons , A. Pe'er , M. Pech , G. Pedaletti , M. Perri , M. Persic , A. Petrashyk , P. Petrucci , O. Petruk , B. Peyaud , M. Pfeifer , G. Piano , A. Pisarski , S. Pita , M. Pohl , M. Polo , D. Pozo , E. Prandini , J. Prast , G. Principe , D. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , M. Prouza , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , S. Pürckhauer , F. Queiroz , A. Quirrenbach , S. Rainò , S. Razzaque , O. Reimer , A. Reimer , A. Reisenegger , M. Renaud , A. H. Rezaeian , W. Rhode , D. Ribeiro , M. Ribó , T. Richtler , J. Rico , F. Rieger , M. Riquelme , S. Rivoire , V. Rizi , J. Rodriguez , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez , G. Rojas , P. Romano , G. Romeo , J. Rosado , A. C. Rovero , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , A. Rugliancich , C. Rulten , I. Sadeh , S. Safi-Harb , T. Saito , N. Sakaki , S. Sakurai , G. Salina , M. Sánchez-Conde , H. Sandaker , A. Sandoval , P. Sangiorgi , M. Sanguillon , H. Sano , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , K. Satalecka , F. G. Saturni , E. J. Schioppa , S. Schlenstedt , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , P. Schovanek , A. Schulz , F. Schussler , U. Schwanke , E. Sciacca , S. Scuderi , I. Seitenzahl , D. Semikoz , O. Sergijenko , M. Servillat , A. Shalchi , R. C. Shellard , L. Sidoli , H. Siejkowski , A. Sillanpää , G. Sironi , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , A. Slowikowska , H. Sol , A. Stamerra , S. Stanič , R. Starling , Ł. Stawarz , S. Stefanik , M. Stephan , T. Stolarczyk , G. Stratta , U. Straumann , T. Suomijarvi , A. D. Supanitsky , G. Tagliaferri , H. Tajima , M. Tavani , F. Tavecchio , J. -P. Tavernet , K. Tayabaly , L. A. Tejedor , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , R. Terrier , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , V. Testa , S. Thoudam , W. Tian , L. Tibaldo , M. Tluczykont , C. J. Todero Peixoto , F. Tokanai , J. Tomastik , D. Tonev , M. Tornikoski , D. F. Torres , E. Torresi , G. Tosti , N. Tothill , G. Tovmassian , P. Travnicek , C. Trichard , M. Trifoglio , I. Troyano Pujadas , S. Tsujimoto , G. Umana , V. Vagelli , F. Vagnetti , M. Valentino , P. Vallania , L. Valore , C. van Eldik , J. Vandenbroucke , G. S. Varner , G. Vasileiadis , V. Vassiliev , M. Vázquez Acosta , M. Vecchi , A. Vega , S. Vercellone , P. Veres , S. Vergani , V. Verzi , G. P. Vettolani , A. Viana , C. Vigorito , J. Villanueva , H. Voelk , A. Vollhardt , S. Vorobiov , M. Vrastil , T. Vuillaume , S. J. Wagner , R. Wagner , R. Walter , J. E. Ward , D. Warren , J. J. Watson , F. Werner , M. White , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , P. Wilcox , M. Will , D. A. Williams , R. Wischnewski , M. Wood , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , S. Yanagita , L. Yang , T. Yoshida , S. Yoshiike , T. Yoshikoshi , M. Zacharias , G. Zaharijas , L. Zampieri , F. Zandanel , R. Zanin , M. Zavrtanik , D. Zavrtanik , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , H. Zechlin , V. I. Zhdanov , A. Ziegler , J. Zorn

Calibration of a PMT matrix is crucial for the treatment of the data obtained with Cherenkov tracking detector. Furthermore, due to high variability of the aerosol abundance in the atmosphere depending on season, weather etc. A constant…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-02 Stanislav Knurenko , Yuri Egorov , Igor Petrov

VERITAS is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range between 85 GeV and 30 TeV. The instrument underwent an upgrade of the camera triggers in November 2011. The new systems use 400 MHz…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Benjamin Zitzer

Intensity interferometry is a re-emerging interferometry tool that alleviates some of the challenges of amplitude interferometry at the cost of reduced sensitivity. We demonstrate the feasibility of intensity interferometry with fast single…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-16 Sebastian Karl , Stefan Richter , Joachim von Zanthier

Magnetars are rotating neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields (~ 10^14-10^15 G). X-ray and soft gamma-ray observations have revealed the existence of non-thermal particle populations which may suggest emission of very high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 R. Guenette

We discuss the prospects for the detection of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next generation, ground-based facility of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) operating above a few tens of GeV.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Jun Kakuwa , Kohta Murase , Kenji Toma , Susumu Inoue , Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation ground-based observatory for $\gamma$-ray astronomy at energies above 30 GeV. Thanks to its unique capabilities, CTA observations will address a plethora of open questions in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-19 H. Martínez-Huerta , J. Biteau , J. Lefaucheur , M. Meyer , S. Pita , I. Vovk

The VERITAS array of 12-m atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes in southern Arizona began full-scale operations in 2007, and is one of the world's most-sensitive detectors of astrophysical VHE (E>100 GeV) gamma rays. Approximately 50 blazars are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Wystan Benbow

The idea of using stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring for optical experiments in high-energy astrophysics is seemingly straightforward, but reaching high precision of the order of 0.01 in the determination of the vertical aerosol…

Future experiments based on the observation of Earth's atmosphere from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes plan to include optical Cherenkov cameras to observe extensive air showers produced by high-energy cosmic radiation via its interaction…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Austin Cummings , Roberto Aloisio , Johannes Eser , John Krizmanic