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External labeling is frequently used for annotating features in graphical displays and visualizations, such as technical illustrations, anatomical drawings, or maps, with textual information. Such a labeling connects features within an…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Michael A. Bekos , Benjamin Niedermann , Martin Nöllenburg

The computation of distance measures between nodes in graphs is inefficient and does not scale to large graphs. We explore dense vector representations as an effective way to approximate the same information: we introduce a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Andrey Kutuzov , Mohammad Dorgham , Oleksiy Oliynyk , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

Node classification on graphs can be formulated as the Dirichlet problem on graphs where the signal is given at the labeled nodes, and the harmonic extension is done on the unlabeled nodes. This paper considers a time-dependent version of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Amitoz Azad

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely applied in the semi-supervised node classification task, where a key point lies in how to sufficiently leverage the limited but valuable label information. Most of the classical GNNs solely use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Le Yu , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du , Tongyu Zhu , Weifeng Lv

\emph{$K$-best enumeration}, which asks to output $k$-best solutions without duplication, is a helpful tool in data analysis for many fields. In such fields, graphs typically represent data. Thus subgraph enumeration has been paid much…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Kazuhiro Kurita , Kunihiro Wasa

In a directed graph $G$ with non-correlated edge lengths and costs, the \emph{network design problem with bounded distances} asks for a cost-minimal spanning subgraph subject to a length bound for all node pairs. We give a bi-criteria…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Markus Chimani , Joachim Spoerhase

A \emph{temporal graph} is, informally speaking, a graph that changes with time. When time is discrete and only the relationships between the participating entities may change and not the entities themselves, a temporal graph may be viewed…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Othon Michail

A $(2,1)$-total labeling of a graph $G$ is an assignment $f$ from the vertex set $V(G)$ and the edge set $E(G)$ to the set $\{0,1,...,k\}$ of nonnegative integers such that $|f(x)-f(y)|\ge 2$ if $x$ is a vertex and $y$ is an edge incident…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-11-25 Toru Hasunuma , Toshimasa Ishii , Hirotaka Ono , Yushi Uno

Let $F$ be a function on pairs of vertices. An {\em $F$- labeling scheme} is composed of a {\em marker} algorithm for labeling the vertices of a graph with short labels, coupled with a {\em decoder} algorithm allowing one to compute…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Amos Korman

Edge-labeled graphs are widely used to describe relationships between entities in a database. Given a query subgraph that represents an example of what the user is searching for, we study the problem of efficiently searching for similar…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Zhaoyang Shao , Davood Rafiei , Themis Palpanas

A coprime labeling of a graph of order $n$ is an assignment of distinct positive integer labels in which adjacent vertices have relatively prime labels. Restricting labels to only the set $1$ to $n$ results in a prime labeling. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-19 John Asplund , N. Bradley Fox

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Xin Geng

We design new algorithms for approximating 2CSPs on graphs with bounded threshold rank, that is, whose normalized adjacency matrix has few eigenvalues larger than $\varepsilon$, smaller than $-\varepsilon$, or both. Unlike on worst-case…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Prashanti Anderson , Samuel B. Hopkins , Amit Rajaraman , David Steurer

It is well-known that the graph isomorphism problem can be posed as an equivalent problem of determining whether an auxiliary graph structure contains a clique of specific order. However, the algorithms that have been developed so far for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Giannis Nikolentzos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

A total prime labeling of a graph of order $n$ is an extension of a prime labeling in which we distinctly label the vertices and edges. The goal of the labeling is for adjacent vertex labels to be relatively prime, and for each vertex of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-22 N. Bradley Fox , Joseph Spaeth

The \emph{generalized sorting problem} is a restricted version of standard comparison sorting where we wish to sort $n$ elements but only a subset of pairs are allowed to be compared. Formally, there is some known graph $G = (V, E)$ on the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-16 William Kuszmaul , Shyam Narayanan

In this work we consider \emph{temporal networks}, i.e. networks defined by a \emph{labeling} $\lambda$ assigning to each edge of an \emph{underlying graph} $G$ a set of \emph{discrete} time-labels. The labels of an edge, which are natural…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-02 George B. Mertzios , Othon Michail , Paul G. Spirakis

In this paper we consider the problem of testing whether a graph has bounded arboricity. The family of graphs with bounded arboricity includes, among others, bounded-degree graphs, all minor-closed graph classes (e.g. planar graphs, graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Talya Eden , Reut Levi , Dana Ron

Many real-world applications of image recognition require multi-label learning, whose goal is to find all labels in an image. Thus, robustness of such systems to adversarial image perturbations is extremely important. However, despite a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Hassan Mahmood , Ehsan Elhamifar

An eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph is said to be \emph{main} if the all-1 vector is not orthogonal to the associated eigenspace. In this work, we approach the main eigenvalues of some graphs. The graphs with exactly two main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Nair Abreu , Domingos M. Cardoso , Francisca A. M. França , Cybele T. M. Vinagre