Related papers: AGNs at the cosmic dawn: predictions for future su…

The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations

We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-06 Stergios Amarantidis , José Afonso , Hugo Messias , Bruno Henriques , Andrew Griffin , Cedric Lacey , Claudia del P. Lagos , Violeta Gonzalez-Perez , Yohan Dubois , Marta Volonteri , Israel Matute , Ciro Pappalardo , Yuxiang Qin , Ranga-Ram Chary , Ray P. Norris

The Lumina Project: The Demographics of Active Galactic Nuclei from Quasars to Little Red Dots at $z\geq 3$

High-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) serve as powerful probes of early black-hole growth, galaxy formation, and the evolving intergalactic medium (IGM). In this work, we use Lumina, a cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic simulation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-26 Xuejian Shen , Oliver Zier , Aaron Smith , Rongrong Liu , Rahul Kannan , Teodora-Elena Bulichi , Sonja M. Koehler , Volker Springel , Mark Vogelsberger , Lars Hernquist , Rohan P. Naidu , Anna de Graaff , Elia Pizzati , David M. Alexander , Luis C. Ho , Vasily Kokorev , Gene Leung , Anna-Christina Eilers , Ryan C. Hickox

Exploring New Redshift Indicators for Radio-Powerful AGN

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are relevant sources of radiation that might have helped reionising the Universe during its early epochs. The super-massive black holes (SMBHs) they host helped accreting material and emitting large amounts of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-02 Rodrigo Carvajal , Israel Matute , José Afonso , Stergios Amarantidis , Davi Barbosa , Pedro Cunha , Andrew Humphrey

Observability of Low-Luminosity AGN in the Early Universe with JWST

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the early Universe are thought to be prominent sources of energy and ionizing photons that affected the growth of their host galaxy and their environment. However, it is still unclear how the supermassive…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Junehyoung Jeon , Boyuan Liu , Volker Bromm , Steven L. Finkelstein

The evolution of SMBH spin and AGN luminosities for $z<6$ within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation

Understanding how Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) evolve through cosmic time allows us to probe the physical processes that control their evolution. We use an updated model for the evolution of masses and spins of supermassive black holes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-05-15 Andrew J. Griffin , Cedric G. Lacey , Violeta Gonzalez-Perez , Claudia del P. Lagos , Carlton M. Baugh , Nikos Fanidakis

The Hot and Energetic Universe: The formation and growth of the earliest supermassive black holes

A crucial challenge in astrophysics over the coming decades will be to understand the origins of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that lie at the centres of most, if not all, galaxies. The processes responsible for the initial formation of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-06-12 James Aird , Andrea Comastri , Marcella Brusa , Nico Cappelluti , Alberto Moretti , Eros Vanzella , Marta Volonteri , David Alexander , Jose Manuel Afonso , Fabrizio Fiore , Ioannis Georgantopoulos , Kazushi Iwasawa , Andrea Merloni , Kirpal Nandra , Ruben Salvaterra , Mara Salvato , Paola Severgnini , Kevin Schawinski , Francesco Shankar , Cristian Vignali , Fabio Vito

A Census of Photometrically Selected Little Red Dots at 4 < z < 9 in JWST Blank Fields

Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have uncovered numerous faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) at $z\sim5$ and beyond. These objects are key to our understanding of the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-16 Vasily Kokorev , Karina I. Caputi , Jenny E. Greene , Pratika Dayal , Maxime Trebitsch , Sam E. Cutler , Seiji Fujimoto , Ivo Labbé , Tim B. Miller , Edoardo Iani , Rafael Navarro-Carrera , Pierluigi Rinaldi

Beyond the Monsters: A More Complete Census of Black Hole Activity at Cosmic Dawn

JWST has revealed an abundance of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts ($z > 3$), pushing the limits of black hole (BH) science in the early Universe. Results have claimed that these BHs are significantly more…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-26 Madisyn Brooks , Jonathan R. Trump , Raymond C. Simons , Justin Cole , Anthony J. Taylor , Micaela B. Bagley , Steven L. Finkelstein , Kelcey Davis , Ricardio O. Amorín , Bren E. Backhaus , Nikko J. Cleri , Mauro Giavalisco , Norman A. Grogin , Michaela Hirschmann , Benne W. Holwerda , Marc Huertas-Company , Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe , Dale D. Kocevksi , Anton M. Koekemoer , Ray A. Lucas , Fabio Pacucci , Xin Wang

Little Red Dots: an abundant population of faint AGN at z~5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys

Characterising the prevalence and properties of faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the early Universe is key for understanding the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and determining their role in cosmic reionization. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-02 Jorryt Matthee , Rohan P. Naidu , Gabriel Brammer , John Chisholm , Anna-Christina Eilers , Andy Goulding , Jenny Greene , Daichi Kashino , Ivo Labbe , Simon J. Lilly , Ruari Mackenzie , Pascal A. Oesch , Andrea Weibel , Stijn Wuyts , Mengyuan Xiao , Rongmon Bordoloi , Rychard Bouwens , Pieter van Dokkum , Garth Illingworth , Ivan Kramarenko , Michael V. Maseda , Charlotte Mason , Romain A. Meyer , Erica J. Nelson , Naveen A. Reddy , Irene Shivaei , Robert A. Simcoe , Minghao Yue

Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys

We forecast the expected population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) observable in the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and Euclid Deep Survey (EDS). Starting from an X-ray luminosity function (XLF) we generate volume-limited samples of the AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-22 Euclid Collaboration , M. Selwood , S. Fotopoulou , M. N. Bremer , L. Bisigello , H. Landt , E. Bañados , G. Zamorani , F. Shankar , D. Stern , E. Lusso , L. Spinoglio , V. Allevato , F. Ricci , A. Feltre , F. Mannucci , M. Salvato , R. A. A. Bowler , M. Mignoli , D. Vergani , F. La Franca , A. Amara , S. Andreon , N. Auricchio , M. Baldi , S. Bardelli , R. Bender , C. Bodendorf , D. Bonino , E. Branchini , M. Brescia , J. Brinchmann , S. Camera , V. Capobianco , C. Carbone , J. Carretero , S. Casas , M. Castellano , S. Cavuoti , A. Cimatti , G. Congedo , C. J. Conselice , L. Conversi , Y. Copin , F. Courbin , H. M. Courtois , M. Cropper , A. Da Silva , H. Degaudenzi , A. M. Di Giorgio , J. Dinis , F. Dubath , X. Dupac , S. Dusini , M. Farina , S. Farrens , S. Ferriol , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , S. Galeotta , B. Gillis , C. Giocoli , A. Grazian , F. Grupp , L. Guzzo , S. V. H. Haugan , H. Hoekstra , M. S. Holliman , W. Holmes , I. Hook , F. Hormuth , A. Hornstrup , P. Hudelot , K. Jahnke , E. Keihänen , S. Kermiche , A. Kiessling , B. Kubik , M. Kümmel , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , R. Laureijs , S. Ligori , P. B. Lilje , V. Lindholm , I. Lloro , D. Maino , E. Maiorano , O. Mansutti , O. Marggraf , K. Markovic , N. Martinet , F. Marulli , R. Massey , E. Medinaceli , S. Mei , M. Melchior , Y. Mellier , M. Meneghetti , E. Merlin , G. Meylan , M. Moresco , L. Moscardini , E. Munari , S. -M. Niemi , J. W. Nightingale , C. Padilla , S. Paltani , F. Pasian , K. Pedersen , W. J. Percival , V. Pettorino , G. Polenta , M. Poncet , L. A. Popa , L. Pozzetti , F. Raison , R. Rebolo , A. Renzi , J. Rhodes , G. Riccio , Hans-Walter Rix , E. Romelli , M. Roncarelli , E. Rossetti , R. Saglia , D. Sapone , B. Sartoris , R. Scaramella , M. Schirmer , P. Schneider , T. Schrabback , A. Secroun , G. Seidel , S. Serrano , C. Sirignano , G. Sirri , L. Stanco , C. Surace , P. Tallada-Crespí , D. Tavagnacco , A. N. Taylor , H. I. Teplitz , I. Tereno , R. Toledo-Moreo , F. Torradeflot , I. Tutusaus , L. Valenziano , T. Vassallo , A. Veropalumbo , Y. Wang , J. Weller , E. Zucca , A. Biviano , M. Bolzonella , E. Bozzo , C. Burigana , C. Colodro-Conde , G. De Lucia , D. Di Ferdinando , J. A. Escartin Vigo , R. Farinelli , K. George , J. Gracia-Carpio , M. Martinelli , N. Mauri , C. Neissner , Z. Sakr , V. Scottez , M. Tenti , M. Viel , M. Wiesmann , Y. Akrami , S. Anselmi , C. Baccigalupi , M. Ballardini , M. Bethermin , A. Blanchard , L. Blot , S. Borgani , S. Bruton , R. Cabanac , A. Calabro , G. Canas-Herrera , A. Cappi , C. S. Carvalho , G. Castignani , T. Castro , K. C. Chambers , S. Contarini , T. Contini , A. R. Cooray , O. Cucciati , S. Davini , B. De Caro , G. Desprez , A. Díaz-Sánchez , S. Di Domizio , H. Dole , S. Escoffier , A. G. Ferrari , I. Ferrero , F. Finelli , A. Fontana , F. Fornari , L. Gabarra , K. Ganga , J. García-Bellido , V. Gautard , E. Gaztanaga , F. Giacomini , G. Gozaliasl , A. Hall , H. Hildebrandt , J. Hjorth , J. J. E. Kajava , V. Kansal , D. Karagiannis , C. C. Kirkpatrick , L. Legrand , G. Libet , A. Loureiro , J. Macias-Perez , G. Maggio , M. Magliocchetti , R. Maoli , C. J. A. P. Martins , S. Matthew , L. Maurin , R. B. Metcalf , P. Monaco , C. Moretti , G. Morgante , S. Nadathur , L. Nicastro , Nicholas A. Walton , L. Patrizii , A. Pezzotta , M. Pöntinen , V. Popa , C. Porciani , D. Potter , I. Risso , P. -F. Rocci , M. Sahlén , A. G. Sánchez , A. Schneider , E. Sefusatti , M. Sereno , P. Simon , A. Spurio Mancini , J. Steinwagner , G. Testera , R. Teyssier , S. Toft , S. Tosi , A. Troja , M. Tucci , C. Valieri , J. Valiviita , G. Verza , J. R. Weaver , I. A. Zinchenko

Euclid preparation. Spectroscopy of active galactic nuclei with NISP

The statistical distribution and evolution of key properties (e.g. accretion rate, mass, or spin) of active galactic nuclei (AGN), remain an open debate in astrophysics. The ESA Euclid space mission, launched on July 1st 2023, promises a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-01-17 Euclid Collaboration , E. Lusso , S. Fotopoulou , M. Selwood , V. Allevato , G. Calderone , C. Mancini , M. Mignoli , M. Scodeggio , L. Bisigello , A. Feltre , F. Ricci , F. La Franca , D. Vergani , L. Gabarra , V. Le Brun , E. Maiorano , E. Palazzi , M. Moresco , G. Zamorani , G. Cresci , K. Jahnke , A. Humphrey , H. Landt , F. Mannucci , A. Marconi , L. Pozzetti , P. Salucci , M. Salvato , F. Shankar , L. Spinoglio , D. Stern , S. Serjeant , N. Aghanim , B. Altieri , A. Amara , S. Andreon , T. Auphan , N. Auricchio , M. Baldi , S. Bardelli , R. Bender , D. Bonino , E. Branchini , M. Brescia , J. Brinchmann , S. Camera , V. Capobianco , C. Carbone , J. Carretero , S. Casas , M. Castellano , S. Cavuoti , A. Cimatti , G. Congedo , C. J. Conselice , L. Conversi , Y. Copin , L. Corcione , F. Courbin , H. M. Courtois , J. Dinis , F. Dubath , C. A. J. Duncan , X. Dupac , S. Dusini , M. Farina , S. Farrens , S. Ferriol , N. Fourmanoit , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , P. Franzetti , M. Fumana , S. Galeotta , B. Garilli , W. Gillard , B. Gillis , C. Giocoli , A. Grazian , F. Grupp , S. V. H. Haugan , W. Holmes , I. Hook , F. Hormuth , A. Hornstrup , M. Kümmel , E. Keihänen , S. Kermiche , B. Kubik , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , S. Ligori , P. B. Lilje , V. Lindholm , I. Lloro , O. Mansutti , O. Marggraf , K. Markovic , N. Martinet , F. Marulli , R. Massey , E. Medinaceli , S. Mei , Y. Mellier , E. Merlin , G. Meylan , L. Moscardini , E. Munari , S. -M. Niemi , C. Padilla , S. Paltani , F. Pasian , K. Pedersen , W. J. Percival , V. Pettorino , G. Polenta , M. Poncet , L. A. Popa , F. Raison , R. Rebolo , A. Renzi , J. Rhodes , G. Riccio , E. Romelli , M. Roncarelli , E. Rossetti , R. Saglia , D. Sapone , B. Sartoris , P. Schneider , A. Secroun , G. Seidel , S. Serrano , C. Sirignano , G. Sirri , L. Stanco , C. Surace , P. Tallada-Crespí , A. N. Taylor , H. I. Teplitz , I. Tereno , R. Toledo-Moreo , F. Torradeflot , I. Tutusaus , E. A. Valentijn , L. Valenziano , T. Vassallo , A. Veropalumbo , D. Vibert , Y. Wang , J. Weller , J. Zoubian , E. Zucca , A. Biviano , M. Bolzonella , E. Bozzo , C. Burigana , C. Colodro-Conde , D. Di Ferdinando , J. Graciá-Carpio , G. Mainetti , N. Mauri , C. Neissner , Z. Sakr , V. Scottez , M. Tenti , M. Viel , M. Wiesmann , Y. Akrami , S. Anselmi , C. Baccigalupi , M. Ballardini , M. Bethermin , S. Borgani , A. S. Borlaff , S. Bruton , R. Cabanac , A. Calabro , A. Cappi , C. S. Carvalho , G. Castignani , T. Castro , G. Cañas-Herrera , K. C. Chambers , A. R. Cooray , J. Coupon , O. Cucciati , S. Davini , G. De Lucia , G. Desprez , S. Di Domizio , H. Dole , A. Díaz-Sánchez , J. A. Escartin Vigo , S. Escoffier , I. Ferrero , K. Ganga , J. García-Bellido , F. Giacomini , G. Gozaliasl , D. Guinet , A. Hall , H. Hildebrandt , A. Jiminez Muñoz , J. J. E. Kajava , V. Kansal , C. C. Kirkpatrick , L. Legrand , A. Loureiro , J. Macias-Perez , M. Magliocchetti , R. Maoli , M. Martinelli , C. J. A. P. Martins , S. Matthew , M. Maturi , L. Maurin , R. B. Metcalf , M. Migliaccio , P. Monaco , G. Morgante , S. Nadathur , L. Patrizii , A. Pezzotta , V. Popa , C. Porciani , D. Potter , M. Pöntinen , P. -F. Rocci , A. G. Sánchez , A. Schneider , E. Sefusatti , M. Sereno , A. Shulevski , P. Simon , A. Spurio Mancini , J. Stadel , S. A. Stanford , J. Steinwagner , G. Testera , R. Teyssier , S. Toft , S. Tosi , A. Troja , M. Tucci , C. Valieri , J. Valiviita , I. A. Zinchenko

Glimmers in the Cosmic Dawn. II. A variability census of supermassive black holes across the Universe

Understanding the origin and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBH) stands as one of the most important challenges in astrophysics and cosmology, with little current theoretical consensus. Improved observational constraints on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-15 Vieri Cammelli , Jonathan C. Tan , Alice R. Young , Matthew J. Hayes , Jasbir Singh , Richard S. Ellis , Aayush Saxena , Nicolas Laporte , Pierluigi Monaco , Benjamin W. Keller

Too many or too massive? Investigating the high-$z$ demography of active SMBHs from JWST

Recent JWST observations have unveiled a numerous population of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) at $4< z<10$, with space densities roughly an order of magnitude above pre-JWST estimates, and many of these AGN have masses orders…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-02 Daniel Roberts , Francesco Shankar , Vieri Cammelli , Fabio Fontanot , Alessandro Trinca , Laura Bisigello , Elena Dalla Bonta , Hao Fu , Roberto Gilli , Andrea Grazian , Luca Graziani , Andrea Lapi , Nicola Menci , Jan Scholtz , Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan

A hidden population of active galactic nuclei can explain the overabundance of luminous $z>10$ objects observed by JWST

The first wave of observations with JWST has revealed a striking overabundance of luminous galaxies at early times ($z>10$) compared to models of galaxies calibrated to pre-JWST data. Early observations have also uncovered a large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-05 Sahil Hegde , Michael M. Wyatt , Steven R. Furlanetto

Modeling the Spectral Energy Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Formation

Modeling the spectral energy distribution (SED) of active galactic nuclei (AGN) plays a very important role in constraining modern cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. Here, we utilize an advanced supermassive black hole (SMBH)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-23 Tong Su , Qi Guo , Erlin Qiao , Wenxiang Pei , Luis C. Ho , Cedric G. Lacey

Glimmers in the Cosmic Dawn: A Census of the Youngest Supermassive Black Holes by Photometric Variability

We report first results from a deep near infrared campaign with the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain late-epoch images of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF), 10-15 years after the first epoch data were obtained. The main objectives are to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-17 Matthew J. Hayes , Jonathan C. Tan , Richard S. Ellis , Alice R. Young , Vieri Cammelli , Jasbir Singh , Axel Runnholm , Aayush Saxena , Ragnhild Lunnan , Benjamin W. Keller , Pierluigi Monaco , Nicolas Laporte , Jens Melinder

Eddington accreting Black Holes in the Epoch of Reionization

The evolution of the luminosity function (LF) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) at $z \gtrsim 5$ represents a key constraint to understand their contribution to the ionizing photon budget necessary to trigger the last phase transition in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-25 Fabio Fontanot , Stefano Cristiani , Andrea Grazian , Francesco Haardt , Valentina D'Odorico , Konstantina Boutsia , Giorgio Calderone , Guido Cupani , Francesco Guarneri , Chiara Fiorin , Giulia Rodighiero

JADES: comprehensive census of broad-line AGN from Reionization to Cosmic Noon revealed by JWST

The depth and coverage of the first years of JWST observations have revealed low luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) across a wide redshift range, shedding light on black hole (BH) assembly and feedback. We present our spectroscopic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-18 Ignas Juodžbalis , Roberto Maiolino , William M. Baker , Emma Curtis Lake , Jan Scholtz , Francesco D'Eugenio , Bartolomeo Trefoloni , Yuki Isobe , Sandro Tacchella , Andrew J. Bunker , Stefano Carniani , Stéphane Charlot , Gareth C. Jones , Eleonora Parlanti , Michele Perna , Pierluigi Rinaldi , Brant Robertson , Hannah Übler , Giacomo Venturi , Chris Willott

Accreting SMBHs in the COSMOS field and the connection to their host galaxies

Using the wide multi-band photometry available in the COSMOS field we explore the host galaxy properties of a large sample of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) obtained by combining X-ray and optical spectroscopic selections. Based on a careful…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Bongiorno , A. Merloni , M. Brusa , B. Magnelli , M. Salvato , M. Mignoli , G. Zamorani , F. Fiore , D. Rosario , V. Mainieri , A. Comastri , C. Vignali , I. Balestra , S. Bardelli , S. Berta , F. Civano , P. Kampczyk , E. Le Floc'h , E. Lusso , D. Lutz , L. Pozzetti , F. Pozzi , L. Riguccini , F. Shankar , J. Silverman

Insights for Early Massive Black Hole Growth from JWST Detection of the [Ne v] {\lambda}3427 Emission Line

We use the narrow [Ne v] $\lambda$3427 emission line detected in the recently published JWST spectra of two galaxies, at z = 6.9 and 5.6, to study the key properties of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) and the supermassive black holes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-17 Benny Trakhtenbrot , Claudio Ricci , Ezequiel Treister , Michael J. Koss , Richard Mushotzky , Kyuseok Oh , Alessandro Peca , Franz E. Bauer , Kriti Kamal Gupta , Tomer Reiss