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In the tensor network representation, a deformed $Z_{2}$ topological ground state wave function is proposed and its norm can be exactly mapped to the two-dimensional solvable Ashkin-Teller (AT) model. Then the topological (toric code) phase…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-05-08 Guo-Yi Zhu , Guang-Ming Zhang

The Kitaev toric code is widely considered one of the leading candidates for error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, direct methods to increase its logical dimensions, such as lattice surgery or introducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Zijian Liang , Ke Liu , Hao Song , Yu-An Chen

We challenge the hypothesis that the ground states of a physical system whose degeneracy depends on topology must necessarily realize topological quantum order and display non-local entanglement. To this end, we introduce and study a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-20 Mohammad-Sadegh Vaezi , Gerardo Ortiz , Zohar Nussinov

We provide an $\Omega(log(n))$ lower bound for the depth of any quantum circuit generating the unique groundstate of Kitaev's spherical code. No circuit-depth lower bound was known before on this code in the general case where the gates can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Dorit Aharonov , Yonathan Touati

We have studied the anti-ferromagnetic Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice under the Zeeman field, using an extensive Majorana mean-field analysis. When the magnetic field is along a specific Cartesian axis, we find that the emergent fields…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-04 Sheikh Moonsun Pervez

We show a relation between quantum learning theory and algorithmic hardness. We use the existence of efficient, local learning algorithms for energy estimation -- such as the classical shadows algorithm -- to prove that finding near-ground…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Eric R. Anschuetz

We report the existence of \emph{flat bands} in a p-wave superconducting Kitaev ladder. We identify two sets of parameters for which the Kitaev ladder sustains flat bands. These flat bands are accompanied by highly localized eigenstates…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-02-24 Ritu Nehra , Devendra Singh Bhakuni , Ajith Ramachandran , Auditya Sharma

Continuous-variable quantum states are of particular importance in various quantum information processing tasks including quantum communication and quantum sensing. However, a bottleneck has emerged with the fast increasing in size of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

A large class of symmetries of topological quantum field theories is naturally described by functors into higher categories of topological defects. Here we study 2-group symmetries of 3-dimensional TQFTs. We explain that these symmetries…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Nils Carqueville , Benjamin Haake

It has long been known that long-ranged entangled topological phases can be exploited to protect quantum information against unwanted local errors. Indeed, conditions for intrinsic topological order are reminiscent of criteria for faithful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-18 Julio Carlos Magdalena de la Fuente , Nicolas Tarantino , Jens Eisert

We consider the problem of the explicit description of the gauge-invariant subspace of pure lattice gauge theories in the Hamiltonian formulation, where the gauge group is either a compact Lie group or a finite group. The latter case is…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-02-27 A. Mariani

We study the four-dimensional Z_2 random-plaquette lattice gauge theory as a model of topological quantum memory, the toric code in particular. In this model, the procedure of quantum error correction works properly in the ordered (Higgs)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Koujin Takeda , Hidetoshi Nishimori

We demonstrate an area law bound on the ground state entanglement entropy of a wide class of gapless quantum states of matter using a strategy called local entanglement thermodynamics. The bound depends only on thermodynamic data, actually…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-05-18 Brian Swingle , John McGreevy

This review focuses on the field of quantum entanglement applied to condensed matter physics systems with strong correlations, a domain which has rapidly grown over the last decade. By tracing out part of the degrees of freedom of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-08-11 Nicolas Laflorencie

In a quantum many-body system that possesses an additive conserved quantity, the entanglement entropy of a subsystem can be resolved into a sum of contributions from different sectors of the subsystem's reduced density matrix, each sector…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-26 Shachar Fraenkel , Moshe Goldstein

Regulated Lorentz invariant quantum field theories satisfy an area law for the entanglement entropy $S$ of a spatial subregion in the ground state in $d>1$ spatial dimensions; nevertheless, the full density matrix contains many more than…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-04-25 Brian Swingle

Solving inverse problems to identify Hamiltonians with desired properties holds promise for the discovery of fundamental principles. In quantum systems, quantum entanglement plays a pivotal role in not only characterizing the quantum nature…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-20 Koji Inui , Yukitoshi Motome

We provide explicit constant-depth local unitary circuits that realize general anyon permutations in Kitaev's quantum double models. This construction can be naturally understood through a correspondence between anyon permutation symmetries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Yabo Li , Zijian Song

We provide a simple proof of the topological invariance of the Turaev-Viro model (corresponding to simplicial 3d pure Euclidean gravity with cosmological constant) by means of a novel diagrammatic formulation of the state sum models for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Florian Girelli , Robert Oeckl , Alejandro Perez

We investigate the finite-size corrections of the entanglement entropy of critical ladders and propose a conjecture for its scaling behavior. The conjecture is verified for free fermions, Heisenberg and quantum Ising ladders. Our results…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-22 J. C. Xavier , F. B. Ramos