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This paper introduces a novel distributed optimization framework for large-scale AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, offering both theoretical convergence guarantees and rapid convergence in practice. By integrating smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinliang Dai , Yuning Jiang , Yi Guo , Colin N. Jones , Moritz Diehl , Veit Hagenmeyer

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is framed as a NP-hard non-convex optimization problem that solves for the most economical dispatch of grid generation given the AC-network and device constraints. Although there are no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

The Gaussian Process (GP) based Chance-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (CC-OPF) is an open-source Python code developed for solving economic dispatch (ED) problem in modern power grids. In recent years, integrating a significant amount of…

This paper presents PowerModelsADA, an open-source framework for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems using Alternating Distributed Algorithms (ADA). PowerModelsADA provides a framework to test, verify, and benchmark both existing and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Mohannad Alkhraijah , Rachel Harris , Carleton Coffrin , Daniel K. Molzahn

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a fundamental problem in power systems. It is computationally challenging and a recent line of research has proposed the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to find OPF approximations at vastly reduced runtimes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 My H. Dinh , Ferdinando Fioretto , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker

The primary goal of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is to optimize the operation of a power system while meeting the demand and adhering to operational constraints. This paper presents a new approach for AC OPF. First, the approach constructs a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Mohammed N. Khamees , Kai Sun

Electric power grids regularly experience uncertain fluctuations from load demands and renewables, which poses a risk of violating operational limits designed to safeguard the system. In this paper, we consider the robust AC OPF problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald

The alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is critical to power system operations and planning, but it is generally hard to solve due to its nonconvex and large-scale nature. This paper proposes a scalable decomposition…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Shenyinying Tu , Andreas Waechter , Ermin Wei

There is a growing need for new optimization methods to facilitate the reliable and cost-effective operation of power systems with intermittent renewable energy resources. In this paper, we formulate the robust AC optimal power flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Raphael Louca , Eilyan Bitar

In recent years, the power system research community has seen an explosion of novel methods for formulating and solving power network optimization problems. These emerging methods range from new power flow approximations, which go beyond…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Carleton Coffrin , Russell Bent , Kaarthik Sundar , Yeesian Ng , Miles Lubin

This paper focuses on an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution feeders equipped with controllable distributed energy resources (DERs). We consider a solution method that is based on a continuous approximation of the projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Damola Ajeyemi , Yiting Chen , Antonin Colot , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

The traditional machine learning models to solve optimal power flow (OPF) are mostly trained for a given power network and lack generalizability to today's power networks with varying topologies and growing plug-and-play distributed energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Heng Liang , Changhong Zhao

This paper presents an algorithm for restoring AC power flow feasibility from solutions to simplified optimal power flow (OPF) problems, including convex relaxations, power flow approximations, and machine learning (ML) models. The proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a central problem in the operation of electric power systems. An OPF problem optimizes a specified objective function subject to constraints imposed by both the non-linear power flow equations and engineering…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn Dan Wu , Mariesa L. Crow

Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem can be rapidly and reliably solved by employing responsive online solvers based on neural networks. The dynamic nature of renewable energy generation and the variability of power grid conditions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Kejun Chen , Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi