Related papers: Generalized Lens Categories via functors $\mathcal…
Span categories provide an abstract framework for formalizing mathematical models of certain systems. The mathematical descriptions of some systems, such as classical mechanical systems, require categories that do not have pullbacks, and…
We study the general theorem about gravitational lensing which states the relationship between the numbers of images with different parities. Our formulation allows an extension to the nontransparent and singular model.
A notion of general manifolds is introduced. It covers all usual manifolds in mathematics. Essentially, it is a way how to get a bigger 'fibration' over a site which locally coincides with a given one. An enrichment with generalized…
We introduce a notion of complexity of diagrams (and in particular of objects and morphisms) in an arbitrary category, as well as a notion of complexity of functors between categories equipped with complexity functions. We discuss several…
Many different families of mass models are used in modern applications of strong gravitational lensing. I review a wide range of popular models, with two points of emphasis: (1) a discussion of strategies for building models suited to a…
Bimorphic lenses are a simplification of polymorphic lenses that (like polymorphic lenses) have a type defined by 4 parameters, but which are defined in a monomorphic type system (i.e. an ordinary category with finite products). We show…
This is a general work on gravitational lensing. We present new expressions for the optical scalars and the deflection angle in terms of the energy-momentum tensor components of matter distributions. Our work generalizes standard references…
The concept of category from mathematics happens to be useful to computer programmers in many ways. Unfortunately, all "good" explanations of categories so far have been designed by mathematicians, or at least theoreticians with a strong…
In "Object generators, relaxed sets, and a foundation for mathematics", we introduced ``object generators'', a logical environment much more general than set theory. Inside this we found a `relaxed' version of set theory. That paper is…
In this article, we discuss the idea of gravitational lensing, from a systematic, historical and didactic point of view. We show how the basic lensing equation together with the concepts of geometrical optics opens a space of implications…
This text is dedicated to the development of the theory of $(\infty,\omega)$-categories. We present generalizations of standard results from category theory, such as the lax Grothendieck construction, the Yoneda lemma, lax (co)limits and…
A $\mathcal{C}$-set is a functor from the category $\mathcal{C}$ to the category of finite sets and functions. The category of $\mathcal{C}$-sets, $\mathcal{C} - \operatorname*{set}$, is defined as the category whose objects are…
Category theory has become central to certain aspects of theoretical physics. Bain [Synthese, 190:1621--1635 (2013)] has recently argued that this has significance for ontic structural realism. We argue against this claim. In so doing, we…
We construct various multiple categories, based on generalised Ehresmann quintets. The main construction is a multiple category whose objects are all the `lax' multiple categories; the transversal arrows are their strict multiple functors…
The attempt is to give a formal concpet of system, and with this provide a definition of category, that will also satisfy the definition of a system. An axiomatic base is given, for constructing the group of integers. In the process, we…
In this paper we introduce a notion of {\it generalized operad} containing as special cases various kinds of operad--like objects: ordinary, cyclic, modular, properads etc. We then construct inner cohomomorphism objects in their categories…
A certain amount of category theory is developed in an arbitrary finitely complete category with a factorization system on it, playing the role of the comprehensive factorization system on Cat. Those aspects related to the concepts of…
The observables in a strong gravitational lens are usually just the image positions and sometimes the flux ratios. We develop a new and simple algorithm which allows a set of models to be fitted exactly to the observations. Taking our cue…
These lectures give an introduction to Gravitational Lensing. We discuss lensing by point masses, lensing by galaxies, and lensing by clusters and larger-scale structures in the Universe. The relevant theory is developed and applications to…
In analogy with the classical theory of filters, for fi\-nite\-ly complete or small cat\-e\-go\-ries, we provide the concepts of fil\-ter, $\mathfrak{G}$-neigh\-bor\-hood (short for "Grothendieck-neigh\-bor\-hood") and…