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Society's increasing dependence on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-enabled systems require a more practical approach from software engineering (SE) executives in middle and higher-level management to improve their involvement in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Mamia Agbese , Rahul Mohanani , Arif Ali Khan , Pekka Abrahamsson

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed, principles for ethical AI are also proliferating. Certification offers a method to both incentivize adoption of these principles and substantiate that they have been…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Peter Cihon , Moritz J. Kleinaltenkamp , Jonas Schuett , Seth D. Baum

As AI-enabled software systems become more prevalent in smart manufacturing, their role shifts from a reactive to a proactive one that provides context-specific support to machine operators. In the context of an international research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Philipp Haindl , Thomas Hoch , Javier Dominguez , Julen Aperribai , Nazim Kemal Ure , Mehmet Tunçel

Analytical quality assurance, especially testing, is an integral part of software-intensive system development. With the increased usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as part of such systems, this becomes more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Lisa Jöckel , Thomas Bauer , Michael Kläs , Marc P. Hauer , Janek Groß

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers incredible possibilities for patient care, but raises significant ethical issues, such as the potential for bias. Powerful ethical frameworks exist to minimize these issues, but are often developed for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ion Nemteanu , Adir Mancebo , Leslie Joe , Ryan Lopez , Patricia Lopez , Warren Woodrich Pettine

Thanks to the great progress of machine learning in the last years, several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been increasingly moving from the controlled research laboratory settings to our everyday life. AI is clearly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Tatiana Tommasi , Silvia Bucci , Barbara Caputo , Pietro Asinari

The popularisation of applying AI in businesses poses significant challenges relating to ethical principles, governance, and legal compliance. Although businesses have embedded AI into their day-to-day processes, they lack a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haocheng Lin

This white paper examines the technical foundations of European AI standardization under the AI Act. It explains how harmonized standards enable the presumption of conformity mechanism, describes the CEN/CENELEC standardization process, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Piercosma Bisconti , Marcello Galisai

The number and importance of AI-based systems in all domains is growing. With the pervasive use and the dependence on AI-based systems, the quality of these systems becomes essential for their practical usage. However, quality assurance for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

Despite increased adoption and advances in machine learning (ML), there are studies showing that many ML prototypes do not reach the production stage and that testing is still largely limited to testing model properties, such as model…

The adoption of machine learning (ML) and, more specifically, deep learning (DL) applications into all major areas of our lives is underway. The development of trustworthy AI is especially important in medicine due to the large implications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Daniel Schwabe , Katinka Becker , Martin Seyferth , Andreas Klaß , Tobias Schäffter

Incorporating responsible practices into software engineering (SE) for AI is essential to ensure ethical principles, societal impact, and accountability remain at the forefront of AI system design and deployment. This study investigates the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Lekshmi Murali Rani , Faezeh Mohammadi , Robert Feldt , Richard Berntsson Svensson

Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI) is a combination of ethics associated with the usage of artificial intelligence aligned with the common and standard frameworks. This survey paper extensively discusses the global and national…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Thippa Reddy Gadekallu , Kapal Dev , Sunder Ali Khowaja , Weizheng Wang , Hailin Feng , Kai Fang , Sharnil Pandya , Wei Wang

AI solutions seem to appear in any and all application domains. As AI becomes more pervasive, the importance of quality assurance increases. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on what artificial intelligence means and interpretations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Markus Borg

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly introduced into systems engineering activities, particularly within requirements engineering, where quality assessment and validation remain heavily dependent on expert judgment. While recent AI tools…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Oz Levy , Ilya Dikman , Natan Levy , Michael Winokur

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now used across nearly every industry, making AI model quality essential for building reliable and trustworthy systems. Historically, correctness has been the main focus, but industry AI models must also…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chenyu Wang , Zhou Yang , Yunbo Lyu , Ze Shi Li , Daniela Damian , David Lo

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes

The European Machinery Directive and related harmonized standards do consider that software is used to generate safety-relevant behavior of the machinery but do not consider all kinds of software. In particular, software based on machine…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Rasmus Adler , Michael Klaes

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various fields, significantly impacting our daily lives. A major factor in AI success is high-quality data. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the evolution of data quality (DQ)…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Sijie Dong , Soror Sahri , Themis Palpanas