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Related papers: Road Accidents in the UK (Analysis and Visualizati…

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Principal component analysis (PCA) defines a reduced space described by PC axes for a given multidimensional-data sequence to capture the variations of the data. In practice, we need multiple data sequences that accurately obey individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Ikuo Fukuda , Kei Moritsugu

Scatter plots carry an implicit if subtle message about causality. Whether we look at functions of one variable in pure mathematics, plots of experimental measurements as a function of the experimental conditions, or scatter plots of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Carl T. Bergstrom , Jevin D. West

Real-time safety systems are crucial components of intelligent vehicles. This paper introduces a prediction-based collision risk assessment approach on highways. Given a point mass vehicle dynamics system, a stochastic forward reachable set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Xinwei Wang , Zirui Li , Javier Alonso-Mora , Meng Wang

Calibration and validation techniques are crucial in assessing the descriptive and predictive power of car-following models and their suitability for analyzing traffic flow. Using real and generated floating-car and trajectory data, we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-03-21 Martin Treiber , Arne Kesting

We introduce an approach which allows detecting causal relationships between variables for which the time evolution is available. Causality is assessed by a variational scheme based on the Information Imbalance of distance ranks, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-07 Vittorio Del Tatto , Gianfranco Fortunato , Domenica Bueti , Alessandro Laio

Reducing traffic accidents is an important public safety challenge, therefore, accident analysis and prediction has been a topic of much research over the past few decades. Using small-scale datasets with limited coverage, being dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Sobhan Moosavi , Mohammad Hossein Samavatian , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Radu Teodorescu , Rajiv Ramnath

We describe a method for inferring linear causal relations among multi-dimensional variables. The idea is to use an asymmetry between the distributions of cause and effect that occurs if both the covariance matrix of the cause and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-09-25 Dominik Janzing , Patrik O. Hoyer , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Most Machine Learning (ML) methods, from clustering to classification, rely on a distance function to describe relationships between datapoints. For complex datasets it is hard to avoid making some arbitrary choices when defining a distance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-04 Gina Gruenhage , Manfred Opper , Simon Barthelme

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

Accurate trajectory prediction of vehicles at roundabouts is critical for reducing traffic accidents, yet it remains highly challenging due to their circular road geometry, continuous merging and yielding interactions, and absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaotong Zhou , Zhenhui Yuan , Yi Han , Tianhua Xu , Laurence T. Yang

Traffic accident analysis is pivotal for enhancing public safety and developing road regulations. Traditional approaches, although widely used, are often constrained by manual analysis processes, subjective decisions, uni-modal outputs, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Kebin Wu , Wenbin Li , Xiaofei Xiao

For simulation models of pedestrian dynamics there are always the issues of calibration and validation. These are usually done by comparing measured properties of the dynamics found in observation, experiments and simulation in certain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-02-10 Tobias Kretz

We develop a framework to assess the risk of cascading collisions in a platoon of vehicles in the presence of exogenous noise and communication time-delay. The notion of Value-at-Risk (VaR) is adopted to quantify the risk of collision…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-08 Guangyi Liu , Christoforos Somarakis , Nader Motee

Road safety is impacted by a range of factors that can be categorized into human, vehicle, and roadway/environmental elements. This research explores the connection between pavement performance and road safety, particularly in relation to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-01 Prathyush Kumar Reddy Lebaku , Lu Gao , Jingran Sun , Xingju Wang , Xuejian Kang

Several environmental phenomena can be described by different correlated variables that must be considered jointly in order to be more representative of the nature of these phenomena. For such events, identification of extremes is…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-15 Raúl Torres , Carlo De Michele , Henry Laniado , Rosa E. Lillo

Factor analysis acts a pivotal role in enhancing maritime safety. Most previous studies conduct factor analysis within the framework of incident-related label prediction, where the developed models can be categorized into short-term and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Tianyi Chen , Hua Wang , Yutong Cai , Maohan Liang , Qiang Meng

Crash frequency modelling analyzes the impact of factors like traffic volume, road geometry, and environmental conditions on crash occurrences. Inaccurate predictions can distort our understanding of these factors, leading to misguided…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Junlan Chen , Qijie He , Pei Liu , Wei Ma , Ziyuan Pu , Nan Zheng

Image-based multi-object detection (MOD) and multi-object tracking (MOT) are advancing at a fast pace. A variety of 2D and 3D MOD and MOT methods have been developed for monocular and stereo cameras. Road safety analysis can benefit from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Qingwu Liu , Nicolas Saunier , Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau

This study investigates the non-linear determinants of pedestrian injury severity using administrative data from Great Britain's 2023 STATS19 dataset. To address inherent data-quality challenges, including missing information and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yifei Tong

To support the testing of AVs, CETRAN has created a guideline for the evaluation of complex multi agent test scenarios presented in this report. This allows for a clear structured manner in evaluating complexity elements based on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Ana Isabel Garcia Guerra , Teng Sung Shiuan