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Automated essay scoring (AES) is a useful tool in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing education, offering real-time essay scores for students and instructors. However, previous AES models were trained on essays and scores irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haneul Yoo , Jieun Han , So-Yeon Ahn , Alice Oh

Individual feedback can help students improve their essay writing skills. However, the manual effort required to provide such feedback limits individualization in practice. Automatically-generated essay feedback may serve as an alternative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Maja Stahl , Leon Biermann , Andreas Nehring , Henning Wachsmuth

Essays are considered a valuable mechanism for evaluating learning outcomes in writing. Textual cohesion is an essential characteristic of a text, as it facilitates the establishment of meaning between its parts. Automatically scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Bruno Alexandre Rosa , Hilário Oliveira , Luiz Rodrigues , Eduardo Araujo Oliveira , Rafael Ferreira Mello

Academic writing should be concise as concise sentences better keep the readers' attention and convey meaning clearly. Writing concisely is challenging, for writers often struggle to revise their drafts. We introduce and formulate revising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim

Language models can be used to provide interactive, personalized student feedback in educational settings. However, real-world deployment faces three key challenges: privacy concerns, limited computational resources, and the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fares Fawzi , Vinitra Swamy , Dominik Glandorf , Tanya Nazaretsky , Tanja Käser

Generative Artificial Intelligence is transforming how English as a foreign language students write. Still, little is known about how students manipulate text generated by generative AI during the writing process. This study investigates…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-26 David James Woo , Yangyang Yu , Kai Guo

English as foreign language_EFL_students' use of text generated from artificial intelligence_AI_natural language generation_NLG_tools may improve their writing quality. However, it remains unclear to what extent AI-generated text in these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 David James Woo , Hengky Susanto , Chi Ho Yeung , Kai Guo , April Ka Yeng Fung

OnlineProver is an interactive proof assistant tailored for the educational setting. Its main features include a user-friendly interface for editing and checking proofs. The user interface provides feedback directly within the derivation,…

It is common to evaluate a set of items by soliciting people to rate them. For example, universities ask students to rate the teaching quality of their instructors, and conference organizers ask authors of submissions to evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Jingyan Wang , Ivan Stelmakh , Yuting Wei , Nihar B. Shah

Scientific writing is an iterative process that generates rich revision traces, yet publicly available resources typically expose only final or near-final versions of papers. This limits empirical study of revision behaviour and evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Léane Jourdan , Julien Aubert-Béduchaud , Yannis Chupin , Marah Baccari , Florian Boudin

In this work, we address the problem of assessing and constructing feedback for early-stage writing automatically using machine learning. Early-stage writing is typically vastly different from conventional writing due to phonetic spelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jonas Vestergaard Jensen , Mikkel Jordahn , Michael Riis Andersen

Grammatical feedback is crucial for consolidating second language (L2) learning. Most research in computer-assisted language learning has focused on feedback through grammatical error correction (GEC) systems, rather than examining more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Stefano Bannò , Kate Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

The integration of generative AI in the field of education is actively being explored. In particular, ChatGPT has garnered significant interest, offering an opportunity to examine its effectiveness in English as a foreign language (EFL)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Jieun Han , Haneul Yoo , Yoonsu Kim , Junho Myung , Minsun Kim , Hyunseung Lim , Juho Kim , Tak Yeon Lee , Hwajung Hong , So-Yeon Ahn , Alice Oh

Analyzing how humans revise their writings is an interesting research question, not only from an educational perspective but also in terms of artificial intelligence. Better understanding of this process could facilitate many NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Omid Kashefi , Tazin Afrin , Meghan Dale , Christopher Olshefski , Amanda Godley , Diane Litman , Rebecca Hwa

Text revision refers to a family of natural language generation tasks, where the source and target sequences share moderate resemblance in surface form but differentiate in attributes, such as text formality and simplicity. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Jingjing Li , Zichao Li , Tao Ge , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

This paper surveys and organizes research works in an under-studied area, which we call automated evaluation for student argumentative writing. Unlike traditional automated writing evaluation that focuses on holistic essay scoring, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Xinyu Wang , Yohan Lee , Juneyoung Park

Argumentative essay generation (AEG) aims to generate complete texts on specific controversial topics or debates. Although current AEG methods can generate individual opinions, they often overlook the high-level connections between these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ruiyu Xiao , Lei Wu , Yuhang Gou , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Correctness is one of the more important criteria of qualitative software. However, it is often taught in isolation and most students consider it only as an afterthought. They also do not receive sufficient feedback on code quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Steffen Dick , Christoph Bockisch , Harrie Passier , Lex Bijlsma , Ruurd Kuiper

Recent advancements in language modeling have enabled the translation of natural language into code, and the use of execution feedback to improve code generation. However, these methods often rely heavily on pre-existing test cases, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Nan Wang , Yafei Liu , Chen Chen , Haonan Lu

Written reflective practice is a regular exercise pre-service teachers perform during their higher education. Usually, their lecturers are expected to provide individual feedback, which can be a challenging task to perform on a regular…