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Related papers: New study of the line profiles of sodium perturbed…

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The atmospheric characterisation of temperate exoplanets is becoming accessible with JWST, providing a critical connection between Solar System planets and the more commonly observed hot-Jupiters. K2-18 b, a temperate sub-Neptune orbiting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 P. Lavvas , R. Liu , G. Tinetti , S. Paraskevaidou , P. Drossart , A. Coustenis

We use a one-dimensional line-by-line radiative-convective model to simulate hot, dense terrestrial-planet atmospheres. We find that strong shortwave absorption by H2O and CO2 inhibits near-surface convection, reducing surface temperatures…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-05 Jessica Cmiel , Robin Wordsworth , Jacob T. Seeley

We present a theoretical model fit to the HST/STIS optical transit transmission spectrum of HD209458b. In our fit, we use the sodium absorption line profile along with the Rayleigh scattering by H_2 to help determine the average…

Technique: We present a method to determine the pressure at which significant cloud opacity is present between 2 and 6 bars on Jupiter. We use: a) the strength of a Fraunhofer absorption line in a zone to determine the ratio of reflected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 G. L. Bjoraker , M. H. Wong , I. de Pater , M. Ádámkovics

We report the detection of 13 heavy elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Sr) in the photosphere of LSPM J0207+3331, a ~3 Gyr old hydrogen-rich white dwarf with an effective temperature comparable to that of the Sun.…

Cold brown dwarfs are excellent analogs of widely separated, gas giant exoplanets, and provide insight into the potential atmospheric chemistry and physics we may encounter in objects discovered by future direct imaging surveys. We present…

Sub-Neptune planets are often modeled with a dense rocky or metal-rich interior beneath a thick hydrogen/helium (H/He) atmosphere; though their bulk densities could also be explained by a water-rich interior with a thin H/He atmosphere.…

In this paper, we compare the chemistry and the emission spectra of nitrogen-dominated cool, warm, and hot ultra-short-period (USP) super-Earth atmospheres in and out of chemical equilibrium at various surface pressure scenarios ranging…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Jamila Chouqar , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Zouhair Benkhaldoun , Andrew Szentgyorgyi , Abdelhadi Jabiri , Abderahmane Soubkiou

Atmospheric convection behaves differently in hydrogen-rich atmospheres compared to higher mean molecular weight atmospheres due to compositional gradients of tracers. Previous 1D studies predict that when a condensible tracer exceeds a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Namrah Habib , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

Ultra-hot Jupiters are the most highly irradiated gas giant planets, with equilibrium temperatures from 2000 to over 4000 K. Ultra-hot Jupiters are amenable to characterization due to their high temperatures, inflated radii, and short…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

The atmospheric chemical composition of a hot Jupiter can lead to insights into where in its natal protoplanetary disk it formed and its subsequent migration pathway. We use a 1-D chemical kinetics code to compute a suite of models across a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Richard Hobbs , Oliver Shorttle , Nikku Madhusudhan

Brown dwarf spectra are rich in information revealing of the chemical and physical processes operating in their atmospheres. We apply a recently developed atmospheric retrieval tool to an ensemble of late T-dwarf (600-800K) near infrared…

A complete reassessment of the HST observations of the transits of the extrasolar planet HD209458b has provided a transmission spectrum of the atmosphere over a wide range of wavelengths. Analysis of the NaI absorption line profile has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 A. Vidal-Madjar , D. K. Sing , A. Lecavelier des Etangs , R. Ferlet , J. -M. Desert , G. Hebrard , I. Boisse , D. Ehrenreich , C. Moutou

We present transmission spectra of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard HST. The spectra cover the wavelength range 5808-6380 Ang with a resolving power of R=5000. We detect absorption from…

Turbulent transport driven by secular shear instabilities can lead to enhanced vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres, impacting their cloudiness, chemistry and overall vertical structure. We discuss the turbulent regime expected and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Kristen Menou

Motivated by the work of Guillot (2010), we present a semi-analytical formalism for calculating the temperature-pressure profiles in hot Jovian atmospheres which includes the effects of clouds/hazes and collision-induced absorption. Using…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Kevin Heng , Wolfgang Hayek , Frédéric Pont , David K. Sing

Atmospheric compositions can provide powerful diagnostics of formation and migration histories of planetary systems. We investigate constraints on atmospheric abundances of H$_2$O, Na, and K, in a sample of transiting exoplanets using…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Luis Welbanks , Nikku Madhusudhan , Nicole F. Allard , Ivan Hubeny , Fernand Spiegelman , Thierry Leininger

The spectra of brown dwarfs are key to exploring the chemistry and physics that take place in their atmospheres. Late-T dwarf spectra are particularly diagnostic due to their relatively cloud-free atmospheres and deep molecular bands. With…

Atmospheres of a number of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) with temperatures $\gtrsim$2000~K have been observed recently. Many of these planets show largely featureless thermal spectra in the near-infrared observed with the HST WFC3 spectrograph…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Siddharth Gandhi , Nikku Madhusudhan , Avi Mandell

In this paper, we calculate new line lists and opacities for the 12 bands of the A$^6\Sigma^{+}$ -- X$^6\Sigma^{+}$ transitions of the CrH molecule. Identified in objects of the new L dwarf spectroscopic class (many of which are brown…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Adam Burrows , R. S. Ram , Peter Bernath , C. M. Sharp , J. A. Milsom