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We propose a combinatorial and graph-theoretic theory of dropout by modeling training as a random walk over a high-dimensional graph of binary subnetworks. Each node represents a masked version of the network, and dropout induces stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

Early stopping based on hold-out data is a popular regularization technique designed to mitigate overfitting and increase the predictive accuracy of neural networks. Models trained with early stopping often provide relatively accurate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-28 Ziyi Liang , Yanfei Zhou , Matteo Sesia

In software engineering, deep learning models are increasingly deployed for critical tasks such as bug detection and code review. However, overfitting remains a challenge that affects the quality, reliability, and trustworthiness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hao Li , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Dayi Lin , Cor-Paul Bezemer , Zhen Ming , Jiang

Deep learning models learn to fit training data while they are highly expected to generalize well to testing data. Most works aim at finding such models by creatively designing architectures and fine-tuning parameters. To adapt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Tianyang Wang , Jun Huan , Bo Li

We explore a recently proposed Variational Dropout technique that provided an elegant Bayesian interpretation to Gaussian Dropout. We extend Variational Dropout to the case when dropout rates are unbounded, propose a way to reduce the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-14 Dmitry Molchanov , Arsenii Ashukha , Dmitry Vetrov

While recent continual learning methods largely alleviate the catastrophic problem on toy-sized datasets, some issues remain to be tackled to apply them to real-world problem domains. First, a continual learning model should effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jaehong Yoon , Saehoon Kim , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely used algorithm for solving expensive black-box optimization problems. However, its performance decreases significantly on high-dimensional problems due to the inherent high-dimensionality of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jundi Huang , Dawei Zhan

Existing self-supervised learning methods learn representation by means of pretext tasks which are either (1) discriminating that explicitly specify which features should be separated or (2) aligning that precisely indicate which features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Anjan Dutta , Massimiliano Mancini , Zeynep Akata

Dropout regularization of deep neural networks has been a mysterious yet effective tool to prevent overfitting. Explanations for its success range from the prevention of "co-adapted" weights to it being a form of cheap Bayesian inference.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-30 Eric Nalisnick , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Padhraic Smyth

Dropout is a common operator in deep learning, aiming to prevent overfitting by randomly dropping neurons during training. This paper introduces a new family of poisoning attacks against neural networks named DROPOUTATTACK. DROPOUTATTACK…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Andrew Yuan , Alina Oprea , Cheng Tan

Nowadays, deep neural networks outperform humans in many tasks. However, if the input distribution drifts away from the one used in training, their performance drops significantly. Recently published research has shown that adapting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Alexander Bartler , Florian Bender , Felix Wiewel , Bin Yang

We propose ADAPT, a meta-learning algorithm that \emph{learns} task sampling proportions under an explicit token budget for multi-task instruction tuning. Instead of fixing task weights by hand, \adapt{} maintains a continuous distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Pritam Kadasi , Abhishek Upperwal , Mayank SIngh

We present a new algorithm for domain adaptation improving upon a discrepancy minimization algorithm previously shown to outperform a number of algorithms for this task. Unlike many previous algorithms for domain adaptation, our algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Andres Muñoz Medina

This paper proposes a hardware-oriented dropout algorithm, which is efficient for field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation. In deep neural networks (DNNs), overfitting occurs when networks are overtrained and adapt too well to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Yoeng Jye Yeoh , Takashi Morie , Hakaru Tamukoh

Variance reduction is a family of powerful mechanisms for stochastic optimization that appears to be helpful in many machine learning tasks. It is based on estimating the exact gradient with some recursive sequences. Previously, many papers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Aleksandr Shestakov , Valery Parfenov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

It is impossible today to pretend that the practice of machine learning is always compatible with the idea that training and testing data follow the same distribution. Several authors have recently used ensemble techniques to show how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jianyu Zhang , Léon Bottou

Plasticity loss, a critical challenge in neural network training, limits a model's ability to adapt to new tasks or shifts in data distribution. This paper introduces AID (Activation by Interval-wise Dropout), a novel method inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sangyeon Park , Isaac Han , Seungwon Oh , Kyung-Joong Kim

One of the most fundamental design choices in neural networks is layer width: it affects the capacity of what a network can learn and determines the complexity of the solution. This latter property is often exploited when introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Edward W. Staley , Jared Markowitz

Dropout is a standard training technique for neural networks that consists of randomly deactivating units at each step of their gradient-based training. It is known to improve performance in many settings, including in the large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Lénaïc Chizat , Pierre Marion , Yerkin Yesbay

Dropout Regularization, serving to reduce variance, is nearly ubiquitous in Deep Learning models. We explore the relationship between the dropout rate and model complexity by training 2,000 neural networks configured with random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Christopher Sun , Jai Sharma , Milind Maiti