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Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

A general mathematical framework for quantum key distribution based on the concepts of quantum channel and Turing machine is suggested. The security for its special case is proved. The assumption is that the adversary can perform only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 A. S. Trushechkin , I. V. Volovich

We analyze the asymptotic security of the family of Gaussian modulated Quantum Key Distribution protocols for Continuous Variables systems. We prove that the Gaussian unitary attack is optimal for all the considered bounds on the key rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Miguel Navascues , Frederic Grosshans , Antonio Acin

Distributing cryptographic keys over public channels in a way that can provide information-theoretic security is the holy grail for secure communication. This can be achieved by exploiting quantum mechanical principles in so-called quantum…

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is moving from evaluation to deployment as NIST finalizes standards for ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA. This survey maps the space from foundations to practice. We first develop a taxonomy across lattice-,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Gaurab Chhetri , Shriyank Somvanshi , Pavan Hebli , Shamyo Brotee , Subasish Das

With the rapid development of quantum computing, classical cryptography systems are increasingly vulnerable to security threats, thereby highlighting the urgency of constructing architectures that are resilient to quantum computing attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiaoming Chen , Haoze Chen , Fei Xu , Meifeng Gao , Jianguo Xie , Cheng Ye , An Hua , Shichang Jiang , Jiao Zhao , Minghan Li , Feilong Li , Yajun Miao , Wei Qi

This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

Typical security proofs for quantum key distribution (QKD) rely on having some model for the devices, with the security guarantees implicitly relying on the values of various parameters of the model, such as dark count rates or detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Shlok Nahar

We present a passive approach to the security analysis of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an untrusted source. A complete proof of its unconditional security is also presented. This scheme has significant advantages in real-life…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Yi Zhao , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution removes all detector-side attacks in quantum cryptography, and in the meantime doubles the secure distance. The source side, however, is still vulnerable to various attacks. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Zhu Cao

Based on quantum encryption, we present a new idea for quantum public-key cryptography (QPKC) and construct a whole theoretical framework of a QPKC system. We show that the quantum-mechanical nature renders it feasible and reasonable to use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-23 Fei Gao , Qiao-Yan Wen , Su-Juan Qin , Fu-Chen Zhu

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is one of the basic communication primitives in future quantum networks which addresses part of the basic cryptographic tasks of multiparty communication and computation. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Ao Shen , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yang Wang , Yao Fu , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Xun Weng , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum key distribution is the most well-known application of quantum cryptography. Previous proposed proofs of security of quantum key distribution contain various technical subtleties. Here, a conceptually simpler proof of security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Hoi-Kwong Lo

One of the most prominent techniques to enhance the performance of practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems with laser sources is the decoy-state method. Current decoy-state QKD setups operate at GHz repetition rates, a regime where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Xoel Sixto , Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

We address continuous variable quantum key distribution (QKD) in non-Markovian lossy channels and show how the non-Markovian features may be exploited to enhance security and/or to detect the presence and the position of an eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruggero Vasile , Stefano Olivares , Matteo G A Paris , Sabrina Maniscalco

This paper discusses the use of computer-aided verification as a practical means for analysing quantum information systems; specifically, the BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution is examined using this method. This protocol has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou , Garry Bowen , Simon Gay

Proving the unconditional security of a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme is a highly challenging task as one needs to determine the most efficient attack compatible with experimental data. This task is even more demanding for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-15 Anthony Leverrier , Evgueni Karpov , Philippe Grangier , Nicolas J. Cerf

Compared with two-level quantum key distribution (QKD), highdimensional QKD enable two distant parties to share a secret key at a higher rate. We provide a finite-key security analysis for the recently proposed practical highdimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Haize Bao , Wansu Bao , Yang Wang , Chun Zhou , Ruike Chen

Quantum technology can enable secure communication for cryptography purposes using quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution protocols provide a secret key between two users with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Venkat Abhignan , Abhishek Jamunkar , Gokul Nair , Mohit Mittal , Megha Shrivastava