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Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a Nobel prize-winning technology for determining the 3D structure of particles at near-atomic resolution. A fundamental step in the recovering of the 3D single-particle structure is to align its 2D…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 Koby Bibas , Gili Weiss-Dicker , Dana Cohen , Noa Cahan , Hayit Greenspan

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a technique for reconstructing the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of biomolecules (especially large protein complexes and molecular assemblies). As the resolution increases to the near-atomic scale,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Weijie Chen , Xinyan Wang , Yuhang Wang

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a cornerstone of structural biology, enabling near-atomic resolution analysis of macromolecules through advanced computational methods. However, the development of cryo-EM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Runmin Jiang , Genpei Zhang , Yuntian Yang , Siqi Wu , Minhao Wu , Wanyue Feng , Yizhou Zhao , Xi Xiao , Xiao Wang , Tianyang Wang , Xingjian Li , Muyuan Chen , Min Xu

Cryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET) is a 3D imaging technology that enables the visualization of subcellular structures in situ at near-atomic resolution. Cellular cryo-ET images help in resolving the structures of macromolecules and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-18 Hmrishav Bandyopadhyay , Zihao Deng , Leiting Ding , Sinuo Liu , Mostofa Rafid Uddin , Xiangrui Zeng , Sima Behpour , Min Xu

Single-particle cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) has become a popular technique for determining the structure of challenging biomolecules that are inaccessible to other technologies. Recent advances in automation, both in data collection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Ye Zhou , Amit Moscovich , Tamir Bendory , Alberto Bartesaghi

Advances on cryo-electron imaging technologies have led to a rapidly increasing number of density maps. Alignment and comparison of density maps play a crucial role in interpreting structural information, such as conformational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Bintao He , Fa Zhang , Chenjie Feng , Jianyi Yang , Xin Gao , Renmin Han

In the past decade, deep conditional generative models have revolutionized the generation of realistic images, extending their application from entertainment to scientific domains. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jiakai Zhang , Qihe Chen , Yan Zeng , Wenyuan Gao , Xuming He , Zhijie Liu , Jingyi Yu

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed structural biology by allowing to reconstruct 3D biomolecular structures up to near-atomic resolution. However, the 3D reconstruction process remains challenging, as the 3D structures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Bongjin Koo , Julien Martel , Ariana Peck , Axel Levy , Frédéric Poitevin , Nina Miolane

The three-dimensional structure of proteins plays a crucial role in determining their function. Protein structure prediction methods, like AlphaFold, offer rapid access to a protein structure. However, large protein complexes cannot be…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-05 Gabriel Ducrocq , Lukas Grunewald , Sebastian Westenhoff , Fredrik Lindsten

Motivated by the task of 2-D classification in single particle reconstruction by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we consider the problem of heterogeneous multireference alignment of images. In this problem, the goal is to estimate a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-03 Chao Ma , Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , Fred Sigworth , Amit Singer

Knowledge of a protein's atomic conformational ensemble is critical to determining its function, yet state-of-the-art ensemble prediction models are limited by lack of high-quality conformational data from simulation or experiment. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jay Shenoy , Miro Astore , Axel Levy , Frédéric Poitevin , Sonya M. Hanson , Gordon Wetzstein

High-resolution structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) requires the accurate fitting of an atomic model into an experimental density map. Traditional refinement pipelines such as Phenix.real_space_refine and Rosetta…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-10 Fuyao Huang , Xiaozhu Yu , Kui Xu , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) allows for the high-resolution reconstruction of 3D structures of proteins and other biomolecules. Successful reconstruction of both shape and movement greatly helps understand the fundamental processes of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Xinhang Liu , Yan Zeng , Yifan Qin , Hao Li , Jiakai Zhang , Lan Xu , Jingyi Yu

Protein structure prediction models are now capable of generating accurate 3D structural hypotheses from sequence alone. However, they routinely fail to capture the conformational diversity of dynamic biomolecular complexes, often requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Rishwanth Raghu , Axel Levy , Gordon Wetzstein , Ellen D. Zhong

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) extracts single-particle density projections of individual biomolecules. Although cryo-EM is widely used for 3D reconstruction, due to its single-particle nature, it has the potential to provide…

Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is a technique in structural biology used to reconstruct accurate volumetric maps of molecules. One step of the cryo-EM pipeline involves solving an inverse-problem. This inverse-problem, referred to as…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-26 Aaditya V. Rangan , Wai-Shing Tang , Pilar Cossio , Kexin Zhang , Nikolaus Grigorieff

In cryo-electron microscopy (EM), molecular structures are determined from large numbers of projection images of individual particles. To harness the full power of this single-molecule information, we use the Bayesian inference of EM…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-17 Pilar Cossio , David Rohr , Fabio Baruffa , Markus Rampp , Volker Lindenstruth , Gerhard Hummer

Differentiating signals from the background in micrographs is a critical initial step for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), yet it remains laborious due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the presence of contaminants and densely…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Szu-Chi Chung , Po-Cheng Chou

We introduce DiffFit, a differentiable algorithm for fitting protein atomistic structures into an experimental reconstructed Cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) volume map. In structural biology, this process is necessary to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-09 Deng Luo , Zainab Alsuwaykit , Dawar Khan , Ondřej Strnad , Tobias Isenberg , Ivan Viola

The Cryo-EM 3D particle reconstruction is essential for identifying protein and uncover the biological mechanism of the macro-molecules. In this paper, we use Kam method for reconstruction. Kam method is \textit{ab-initio}, and it assumes…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-21 Yin Xian