Related papers: Visualization of Abel's Impossibility Theorem

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary polynomial of degree $n$, especially with only real roots, to be trivial, i.e. to have the form a(x-b)^n. To do this, we derive new properties of polynomials and their roots.…

We investigate the power of graph isomorphism algorithms based on algebraic reasoning techniques like Gr\"obner basis computation. The idea of these algorithms is to encode two graphs into a system of equations that are satisfiable if and…

We discuss the theory of Lie algebras in Lean's Mathlib library. Using nilpotency as the theme, we outline a computer formalisation of Engel's theorem and an application to root space theory. We emphasise that all arguments work with…

We consider affine representable algebras, that is, finitely generated algebras over a field that can be embedded into some matrix algebra over a commutative algebra. We show that this algebra can in fact be chosen to be a polynomial…

Let $\Lambda$ be a local truncated path algebra over an algebraically closed field $K$, i.e., $\Lambda$ is a quotient of a path algebra $KQ$ by the paths of length $L+1$, where $Q$ is the quiver with a single vertex and a finite number of…

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. An element F from k(x_1,...,x_n) is called a closed rational function if the subfield k(F) is algebraically closed in the field k(x_1,...,x_n). We prove that a rational function…

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

In previous work a higher rank generalization $R(n)$ of the Racah algebra was defined abstractly. The special case of rank one encodes the bispectrality of the univariate Racah polynomials and is known to admit an explicit realization in…

We present a formal verification of Wolstenholme's theorem -- $\binom{2p}{p} \equiv 2 \pmod{p^3}$ for prime $p \geq 5$ -- in Lean~4 with Mathlib. The proof proceeds by expanding the shifted factorial product $\prod_{k=1}^{p-1}(p+k)$ to…

To a compact tropical variety of arbitrary dimension, we associate a collection of intermediate Jacobians defined in terms of tropical homology and tropical monodromy. We then develop an Abel-Jacobi theory in the tropical setting by…

We look for algebraic certificates of positivity for functions which are not necessarily polynomial functions. Similar questions were examined earlier by Lasserre and Putinar and by Putinar. We explain how these results can be understood as…

Artin solved Hilbert's 17th problem, proving that a real polynomial in $n$ variables that is positive semidefinite is a sum of squares of rational functions, and Pfister showed that only $2^n$ squares are needed. In this paper, we…

Recently, general fractional calculus was introduced by Kochubei (2011) and Luchko (2021) as a further generalisation of fractional calculus, where the derivative and integral operator admits arbitrary kernel. Such a formalism will have…

It is well known that the ring radical theory can be approached via language of modules. In this work, we present some generalizations of classical results from module theory, in the two-sided and graded sense. Let $\mathsf{G}$ be a group,…

In order to have a multiresolution analysis, the scaling function must be refinable. That is, it must be the linear combination of 2-dilation, $\mathbb{Z}$-translates of itself. Refinable functions used in connection with wavelets are…

Revised proofs of Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem have been presented in prose form, incorporating novel ideas such as decisive sets and pivotal voters. This study develops another approach to proving the theorem. Using a proof…

In earlier work, the second author showed that a closed subset of a polynomial functor can always be defined by finitely many polynomial equations. In follow-up work on $\operatorname{GL}\nolimits_{\infty}$-varieties,…

We are concerned with the behavior of the polynomial maps $F=(P,Q)$ of $\mathbb{C}^2$ with finite fibres and satisfying the condition that all of the curves $aP+bQ=0$, $(a:b)\in \mathbb{P}^1$, are irreducible rational curves. The obtained…

This monograph elucidates and extends many theorems and conjectures in analytic number theory and algebraic asymptotic analysis via the natural notion of "degree" and a more general notion that we call "logexponential degree." Specifically,…

Below we discuss the partition of the space of real univariate polynomials according to the number of positive and negative roots and signs of the coefficients. We present several series of non-realizable combinations of signs together with…