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In this work, we examine the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks utilizing the Rectified Quadratic Unit (ReQU) activation function, defined as \(\max(0,x)^2\), for approximating H\"older-regular functions with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ahmed Abdeljawad

This article studies deep neural network expression rates for optimal stopping problems of discrete-time Markov processes on high-dimensional state spaces. A general framework is established in which the value function and continuation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Lukas Gonon

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

Generative networks have shown remarkable success in learning complex data distributions, particularly in generating high-dimensional data from lower-dimensional inputs. While this capability is well-documented empirically, its theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Kevin Wang , Hongqian Niu , Yixin Wang , Didong Li

In this paper, we have extended the well-established universal approximator theory to neural networks that use the unbounded ReLU activation function and a nonlinear softmax output layer. We have proved that a sufficiently large neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Behnam Asadi , Hui Jiang

An approach to construct explicit integral representations for two-layer ReLU networks is presented, which provides relatively simple representations for any multivariate polynomial. Quantitative bounds are provided for a particular,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Anthony Lee

We investigate non-adaptive methods of deep ReLU neural network approximation in Bochner spaces $L_2({\mathbb U}^\infty, X, \mu)$ of functions on ${\mathbb U}^\infty$ taking values in a separable Hilbert space $X$, where ${\mathbb…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-15 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen , Duong Thanh Pham

We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Xiao Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

We study deep ReLU feed forward neural networks (NN) and their injectivity abilities. The main focus is on \emph{precisely} determining the so-called injectivity capacity. For any given hidden layers architecture, it is defined as the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-30 Mihailo Stojnic

We can compare the expressiveness of neural networks that use rectified linear units (ReLUs) by the number of linear regions, which reflect the number of pieces of the piecewise linear functions modeled by such networks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Thiago Serra , Srikumar Ramalingam

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

Deep Q-learning based algorithms have been applied successfully in many decision making problems, while their theoretical foundations are not as well understood. In this paper, we study a Fitted Q-Iteration with two-layer ReLU neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mridul Agarwal

Solutions of evolution equation generally lies in certain Bochner-Sobolev spaces, in which the solution may has regularity and integrability properties for the time variable that can be different for the space variables. Therefore, in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Philipp Grohs

We are interested in assessing the use of neural networks as surrogate models to approximate and minimize objective functions in optimization problems. While neural networks are widely used for machine learning tasks such as classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Tommaso Giovannelli , Oumaima Sohab , Luis Nunes Vicente

We prove a theorem concerning the approximation of multivariate functions by deep ReLU networks, for which the curse of the dimensionality is lessened. Our theorem is based on a constructive proof of the Kolmogorov--Arnold superposition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Hadrien Montanelli , Haizhao Yang

We propose semi-random features for nonlinear function approximation. The flexibility of semi-random feature lies between the fully adjustable units in deep learning and the random features used in kernel methods. For one hidden layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Kenji Kawaguchi , Bo Xie , Vikas Verma , Le Song

Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longqing Ye

We study the task of high-dimensional entangled mean estimation in the subset-of-signals model. Specifically, given $N$ independent random points $x_1,\ldots,x_N$ in $\mathbb{R}^D$ and a parameter $\alpha \in (0, 1)$ such that each $x_i$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Sihan Liu , Thanasis Pittas

This paper investigates the relationship between the universal approximation property of deep neural networks and topological characteristics of datasets. Our primary contribution is to introduce data topology-dependent upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sangmin Lee , Jong Chul Ye

We study the approximation of multivariate functions with tensor networks (TNs), providing some answers to the following two questions: ``what are the approximation capabilities of TNs for functions from classical smoothness classes?'' and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy