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This paper reports on a new method of encapsulating BZ solution droplets in a powder coating of either polyethylene (PE) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to produce BZ liquid marbles (LMs). The BZ LMs have solid--liquid interfaces in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Claire Fullarton , Thomas C. Draper , Neil Phillips , Ben P. J. de Lacy Costello , Andrew Adamatzky

External control of oscillation dynamics in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is important for many applications including encoding computing schemes. When considering the BZ reaction there are limited studies dealing with thermal cycling,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Andrew Adamatzky , Claire Fullarton , Neil Phillips , Ben De Lacy Costello , Thomas C. Draper

Liquid marbles are microlitre droplets of liquid, encapsulated by self-organised hydrophobic particles at the liquid/air interface. They offer an efficient approach for manipulating liquid droplets and compartmentalising reactions in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Thomas C. Draper , Claire Fullarton , Neil Phillips , Ben P. J. De Lacy Costello , Andrew Adamatzky

A gas free analogue of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction catalysed by ferroin and encapsulated in phospholipid stabilised vesicles is reported. A reaction mixture which exhibits spontaneous oscillation and excitation transfer between…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2012-12-12 Ben de Lacy Costello , Ishrat Jahan , Matt Ahearn , Julian Holley , Larry Bull , Andrew Adamatzky

The Leidenfrost effect-prolonged evaporation of droplets on a superheated surface-happens only when the surface temperature is above a certain transitional value. Here, we show that specially engineered droplets - liquid marbles - can…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-07-05 Cedric Aberle , Mark Lewis , Gan Yu , Nan Lei , Jie Xu

Droplet microlasers, as promising tools for biophotonics and biomedical sciences, have witnessed rapid advances due to their flexible reconfigurability, high sensitivity to stimuli, and label-free biosensing ability. However, designing…

In this study, we present for the first time the observations of a freezing liquid marble. In the experiment, liquid marbles are gently placed on the cold side of a Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC) and the morphological changes are recorded and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-07-05 Ali Hashmi , Adam Strauss , Jie Xu

Liquid metal (LM) is of current core interest for a wide variety of newly emerging areas. However, the functional materials thus made so far by LM only could display a single silver-white appearance. Here in this study, the new conceptual…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-08-01 Shuting Liang , Wei Rao , Kai Song , Jing Liu

Liquid marbles refer to liquid droplets that are covered with a layer of non-wetting particles. They are observed in nature and have practical significance. However, a generalized framework for analyzing liquid marbles as they inflate or…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-15 Adair Gallo , Fernanda Tavares , Ratul Das , Himanshu Mishra

An excitable chemical medium --- Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction --- is proven to be a fruitful substrate for prototyping unconventional computing devices. These include image processors, logical circuits, and robot controllers. We study…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Andrew Adamatzky , Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi

Liquid marbles are non-stick droplets covered with micro-scaled particles. Liquid marbles demonstrate quasi-elastic properties when pressed. The interpretation of the phenomenon of elasticity of liquid marbles is proposed. The model…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-07-17 Gene Whyman , Edward Bormashenko

We introduce results of computer experiments on information processing in a hexagonal array of vesicles filled with Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solution in a sub-excitable mode. We represent values of Boolean variables by excitation…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2012-06-26 Andrew Adamatzky , Julian Holley , Larry Bull , Ben De Lacy Costello

Responsive hydrogels can sense environmental stimuli and respond as actuators by expelling water and changing shape. In this article, we develop theory to demonstrate that groups of responsive hydrogels can also communicate with each other,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-05 Joseph J. Webber , Thomas D. Montenegro-Johnson

Excitation waves on a sub-excitable Belousov Zhabotinsky (BZ) substrate can be manipulated by chemical variations in the substrate and by interactions with other waves. Symbolic assignment and interpretation of wave dynamics can be used to…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2011-10-27 Julian Holley , Ishrat Jahan , Ben De Lacy Costello , Larry Bull , Andrew Adamatzky

This paper explores the implementation of a low-cost high-precision microwave oscillator sensor with an adjustable input resistance to enhance its limit of detection (LoD). To achieve this, we introduce a \textit{Z$_{2}$} branch in the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Mojtaba Joodaki , Mehrdad Jafarian

Black Phosphorus (BP) is an excellent material for post graphene era due to its layer dependent band gap, high mobility and high Ion/Ioff. However, its poor stability in ambient poses a great challenge in its practical and long-term usage.…

We present both simulated and partial empirical evidence for the computational utility of many connected vesicle analogs of an encapsulated non-linear chemical processing medium. By connecting small vesicles containing a solution of…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2010-09-13 Julian Holley , Andrew Adamatzky , Larry Bull , Ben De Lacy Costello , Ishrat Jahan

In nature, excitable reaction-diffusion systems found in diverse settings (e.g. chemical reactions, metal rust, yeast, amoeba, heart, brain) generate geometrically similar macroscopic waves(1,2). For the heart and brain, the spatiotemporal…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-08-12 Rebecca A. B. Burton , Alekxandra Klimas , Christina M. Ambrosi , Emilia Entcheva , Gil Bub

Liquid marbles, which are droplets coated with a hydrophobic powder, were exposed to a uniform electric field. It was established that a threshold value of the electric field, 15 cgse, should be surmounted for deformation of liquid marbles.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-02-18 Edward Bormashenko , Roman Pogreb , Tamir Stein , Gene Whyman , Marcelo Schiffer , Doron Aurbach

Brillouin spectroscopy is commonly used to study the acoustic properties of materials. Here we explored its feasibility in studying the photoinduced isomerization of azobenzene. The isomerization of azobenzene changes the solution elastic…

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