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Quantum tomography makes it possible to obtain comprehensive information about certain logical elements of a quantum computer. In this regard, it is a promising tool for debugging quantum computers. The practical application of tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

The quantum state of a light beam can be represented as an infinite dimensional density matrix or equivalently as a density on the plane called the Wigner function. We describe quantum tomography as an inverse statistical problem in which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 L. M. Artiles , R. D. Gill , M. I. Guta

Characterization of quantum processes is a preliminary step necessary in the development of quantum technology. The conventional method uses standard quantum process tomography, which requires $d^2$ input states and $d^4$ quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Zhibo Hou , Jun-Feng Tang , Christopher Ferrie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

The measurement of a quantum state poses a unique challenge for experimentalists. Recently, the technique of "direct measurement" was proposed for characterizing a quantum state in-situ through sequential weak and strong measurements. While…

Characterizing quantum states is essential for validating quantum devices, yet conventional quantum state tomography becomes prohibitively expensive as system size grows. Direct tomography offers a distinct route by enabling selective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Jaekwon Chang , Guedong Park , Hyunseok Jeong , Yong Siah Teo , Yosep Kim

The possible state space dimension increases exponentially with respect to the number of qubits. This feature makes the quantum state tomography expensive and impractical for identifying the state of merely several qubits. The recent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Kezhi Li , Shuang Cong

Quantum tomography has become a key tool for the assessment of quantum states, processes, and devices. This drives the search for tomographic methods that achieve greater accuracy. In the case of mixed states of a single 2-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Leonardo Zambrano , Luciano Pereira , Sebastian Niklitschek , Aldo Delgado

Reconstructing quantum states from measurement data represents a formidable challenge in quantum information science, especially as system sizes grow beyond the reach of traditional tomography methods. While recent studies have explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Shabnam Jabeen , Dmytro Kurdydyk , Aadi Palnitkar , Mihir Talati , Jeffrey Yan , Jinghong Yang

The Hilbert space of a physical qubit typically features more than two energy levels. Using states outside the qubit subspace can provide advantages in quantum computation. To benefit from these advantages, individual states of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 Tobias Kehrer , Tobias Nadolny , Christoph Bruder

We propose an interferometric method for statistically discriminating between nonorthogonal states in high dimensional Hilbert spaces for use in quantum information processing. The method is illustrated for the case of photon orbital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 David S. Simon , Casey A. Fitzpatrick , Alexander V. Sergienko

We propose a way to measure the qubit state of an arbitrary sub-ensemble of atoms in an array without significantly disturbing the quantum information in the unmeasured atoms. The idea is to first site-selectively transfer atoms out of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Felipe Giraldo Mejia , Aishwarya Kumar , Tsung-Yao Wu , Peng Du , David S. Weiss

The experimental realisation of large scale many-body systems has seen immense progress in recent years, rendering full tomography tools for state identification inefficient, especially for continuous systems. In order to work with these…

Quantum tomography is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states and devices and estimating nonlinear properties of the systems. Performing full quantum state tomography on an $N_\mathrm{q}$ qubit system requires an exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Zhixin Song , Hang Ren , Melody Lee , Bryan Gard , Nicolas Renaud , Spencer H. Bryngelson

Precisely engineered mechanical oscillators keep time, filter signals, and sense motion, making them an indispensable part of today's technological landscape. These unique capabilities motivate bringing mechanical devices into the quantum…

The physical nature of any quantum source guarantees the existence of an effective Hilbert space of finite dimension, the physical sector, in which its state is completely characterized with arbitrarily high accuracy. The extraction of this…

Quantum computation has been growing rapidly in both theory and experiments. In particular, quantum computing devices with a large number of qubits have been developed by IBM, Google, IonQ, and others. The current quantum computing devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Rishabh Gupta , Rongxin Xia , Raphael D. Levine , Sabre Kais

Quantum tomography, as a tool to probe foundational aspects of quantum mechanics, relies on extracting spin information from angular distributions. This is inherently a leading-order technique, ill-defined when higher-order corrections are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-11 J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra

Quantum state tomography (QST) for reconstructing pure states requires exponentially increasing resources and measurements with the number of qubits by using state-of-the-art quantum compressive sensing (CS) methods. In this article, QST…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Burhan Gulbahar

We investigate quantum state tomography (QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography (QPT) for unitary channels via $adaptive$ measurements. For a quantum system with a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive…

High-dimensional quantum systems offer a new playground for quantum information applications due to their remarkable advantages such as higher capacity and noise resistance. We propose potentially practical schemes for remotely preparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Jun-Hai Zhao , Si-Qi Du , Wen-Qiang Liu , Dong-Hong Zhao , Hai-Rui Wei