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Multimode Gaussian states are a versatile resource for quantum information technologies and have been realized across a wide range of physical platforms. Recent progress in the large-scale generation of such states provides a key ingredient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Chan Roh , Geunhee Gwak , Young-Do Yoon , Young-Sik Ra

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

In a two level atom, real-time quantum state holography is performed through interferences between quantum states created by a reference pulse and a chirped pulse resulting in coherent transients. A sequence of several measurements allows…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Antoine Monmayrant , Béatrice Chatel , Bertrand Girard

Quantum State Tomography (QST) has been the traditional method for characterization of an unknown state. Recently, many direct measurement methods have been implemented to reconstruct the state in a resource efficient way. In this letter,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Surya Narayan Sahoo , Sanchari Chakraborti , Arun K. Pati , Urbasi Sinha

Quantum state tomography is a central technique for the characterization and verification of quantum systems. Standard tomography is widely used for low-dimensional systems, but for larger systems, it becomes impractical due to the…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is plagued by the ``curse of dimensionality'' due to the exponentially-scaled complexity in measurement and data post-processing. Efficient QST schemes for large-scale mixed states are currently missing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Wen-jun Li , Kai Xu , Heng Fan , Shi-ju Ran , Gang Su

We use a meta-learning neural-network approach to analyse data from a measured quantum state. Once our neural network has been trained it can be used to efficiently sample measurements of the state in measurement bases not contained in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Alistair W. R. Smith , Johnnie Gray , M. S. Kim

Quantum state tomography is a daunting challenge of experimental quantum computing even in moderate system size. One way to boost the efficiency of state tomography is via local measurements on reduced density matrices, but the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-03 Tao Xin , Sirui Lu , Ningping Cao , Galit Anikeeva , Dawei Lu , Jun Li , Guilu Long , Bei Zeng

The temporal evolution of a quantum system can be characterized by quantum process tomography, a complex task that consumes a number of physical resources scaling exponentially with the number of subsystems. An alternative approach to the…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yang Zhengning , Shihao Ru , Lianzhen Cao , Nikolay Zheludev , Weibo Gao

It has been recently shown that a state generated by a one-dimensional noisy quantum computer is well approximated by a matrix product operator with a finite bond dimension independent of the number of qubits. We show that full quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Alexander Lidiak , Casey Jameson , Zhen Qin , Gongguo Tang , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu , Zhexuan Gong

Quantum teleportation, lying at the heart of a variety of quantum technologies, has inspired a widespread of research activities, most of which focused on 2-dimensional qubit states. Multilevel systems, qudits, promise to upgrade and…

Optics · Physics 2021-12-09 Xiaodong Qiu , Haoxu Guo , Lixiang Chen

Verifying the proper preparation of quantum states is essential in modern quantum information science. Various protocols have been developed to estimate the fidelity of quantum states produced by different parties. Direct fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Christopher Vairogs , Bin Yan

Quantum state tomography--the practice of estimating a quantum state by performing measurements on it--is useful in a variety of contexts. We introduce "gentle tomography" as a version of tomography that preserves the measured quantum data.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles H. Bennett , Aram W. Harrow , Seth Lloyd

We introduce a method of quantum tomography for a continuous variable system in position and momentum space. We consider a single two-level probe interacting with a quantum harmonic oscillator by means of a class of Hamiltonians, linear in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 J. Casanova , C. E. Lopez , J. J. Garcia-Ripoll , C. F. Roos , E. Solano

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

Quantum state tomography, aimed at deriving a classical description of an unknown state from measurement data, is a fundamental task in quantum physics. In this work, we analyse the ultimate achievable performance of tomography of…

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

We describe an approach for characterizing the process of quantum gates using quantum process tomography, by first modeling them in an extended Hilbert space, which includes non-qubit degrees of freedom. To prevent unphysical processes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter P. Rohde , G. J. Pryde , J. L. O'Brien , Timothy C. Ralph