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For decades, researchers have been applying computer simulation to address problems in biology. However, many of these "grand challenges" in computational biology, such as simulating how proteins fold, remained unsolved due to their great…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-01-08 Stefan M. Larson , Christopher D. Snow , Michael Shirts , Vijay S. Pande

The weighted ensemble (WE) simulation strategy provides unbiased sampling of non-equilibrium processes, such as molecular folding or binding, but the extraction of rate constants relies on characterizing steady state behavior.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-02 Jeremy Copperman , Daniel Zuckerman

Efficient molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is vital for understanding atomic-scale processes in materials science and biophysics. Traditional density functional theory (DFT) methods are computationally expensive, which limits the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hung Le , Sherif Abbas , Minh Hoang Nguyen , Van Dai Do , Huu Hiep Nguyen , Dung Nguyen

Deep learning approaches have produced substantial breakthroughs in fields such as image classification and natural language processing and are making rapid inroads in the area of protein design. Many generative models of proteins have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alexey Strokach , Philip M. Kim

Spontaneous structural rearrangements play a central role in the organization and function of complex biomolecular systems. In principle, physics-based computer simulations like Molecular Dynamics (MD) enable us to investigate these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Danial Ghamari , Philipp Hauke , Roberto Covino , Pietro Faccioli

Atomically detailed simulations of RNA folding have proven very challenging in view of the difficulties of developing realistic force fields and the intrinsic computational complexity of sampling rare conformational transitions. To tackle…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-26 Gianmarco Lazzeri , Cristian Micheletti , Samuela Pasquali , Pietro Faccioli

Recent advances in deep learning frameworks have established valuable tools for analyzing the long-timescale behavior of complex systems such as proteins. Especially the inclusion of physical constraints, e.g. time-reversibility, was a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-22 Andreas Mardt , Frank Noé

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful approach for modelling molecular systems, but it remains computationally intensive on spatial and time scales of many macromolecular systems of biological interest. To explore the opportunities offered…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-07 Mhd Hussein Murtada , Z. Faidon Brotzakis , Michele Vendruscolo

The transition from petascale to exascale computers is characterized by substantial changes in the computer architectures and technologies. The research community relying on computational simulations is being forced to revisit the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Travis Johnston , Boyu Zhang , Adam Liwo , Silvia Crivelli , Michela Taufer

Molecular Dynamics - Green's Functions Reaction Dynamics (MD-GFRD) is a multiscale simulation method for particle dynamics or particle-based reaction-diffusion dynamics that is suited for systems involving low particle densities. Particles…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Luigi Sbailò , Frank Noé

Protein folding, peptide aggregation and crystallization, as well as adsorption of molecules on soft or solid substrates have an essential feature in common: In all these processes, structure formation is guided by a collective, cooperative…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-02-12 Michael Bachmann , Wolfhard Janke

Data-driven inference of the generative dynamics underlying a set of observed time series is of growing interest in machine learning and the natural sciences. In neuroscience, such methods promise to alleviate the need to handcraft models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Eric Volkmann , Alena Brändle , Daniel Durstewitz , Georgia Koppe

Coarse-graining (CG) accelerates molecular simulations of protein dynamics by simulating sets of atoms as singular beads. Backmapping is the opposite operation of bringing lost atomistic details back from the CG representation. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Soojung Yang , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a crucial computational tool for researchers to understand and engineer molecular structure and function in areas such as drug discovery, protein engineering, and material design. Despite their…

Molecular dynamics simulations hold great promise for providing insight into the microscopic behavior of complex molecular systems. However, their effectiveness is often constrained by long timescales associated with rare events. Enhanced…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kai Zhu , Enrico Trizio , Jintu Zhang , Renling Hu , Linlong Jiang , Tingjun Hou , Luigi Bonati

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

We introduce a variational approximation to the microscopic dynamics of rare conformational transitions of macromolecules. Within this framework it is possible to simulate on a small computer cluster reactions as complex as protein folding,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-02-19 S. a Beccara , L. Fant , P. Faccioli

Given (small amounts of) time-series' data from a high-dimensional, fine-grained, multiscale dynamical system, we propose a generative framework for learning an effective, lower-dimensional, coarse-grained dynamical model that is predictive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-18 Sebastian Kaltenbach , Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis

Predicting the binding structure of a small molecule ligand to a protein -- a task known as molecular docking -- is critical to drug design. Recent deep learning methods that treat docking as a regression problem have decreased runtime…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-14 Gabriele Corso , Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

A generalized understanding of protein dynamics is an unsolved scientific problem, the solution of which is critical to the interpretation of the structure-function relationships that govern essential biological processes. Here, we approach…

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