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The Gini index is a number that attempts to measure how equitably a resource is distributed throughout a population, and is commonly used in economics as a measurement of inequality of wealth or income. The Gini index is often defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-26 Grant Kopitzke

We conduct a KL-divergence based procedure for testing elliptical distributions. The procedure simultaneously takes into account the two defining properties of an elliptically distributed random vector: independence between length and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 Yin Tang , Yanyuan Ma , Bing Li

In this paper, a robust non-parametric measure of statistical dependence, or correlation, between two random variables is presented. The proposed coefficient is a permutation-like statistic that quantifies how much the observed sample S_n :…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-27 Rami Mahdi

We present a general non-parametric statistical inference theory for integrals of quantiles without assuming any specific sampling design or dependence structure. Technical considerations are accompanied by examples and discussions,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Nadezhda Gribkova , Mengqi Wang , Ričardas Zitikis

Empirical likelihood approach is one of non-parametric statistical methods, which is applied to the hypothesis testing or construction of confidence regions for pivotal unknown quantities. This method has been applied to the case of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Fumiya Akashi , Yan Liu , Masanobu Taniguchi

The concept of independence plays a crucial role in probability theory and has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Numerous approaches have been proposed to test for independence; however, most of them address the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Bogdan Ćmiel , Bartłomiej Gibas

This paper introduces a new method for testing the statistical significance of estimated parameters in predictive regressions. The approach features a new family of test statistics that are robust to the degree of persistence of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-04 Jean-Yves Pitarakis

We introduce a new test for conditional independence which is based on what we call the weighted generalised covariance measure (WGCM). It is an extension of the recently introduced generalised covariance measure (GCM). To test the null…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-17 Cyrill Scheidegger , Julia Hörrmann , Peter Bühlmann

Instrumental variable methods allow for inference about the treatment effect by controlling for unmeasured confounding in randomized experiments with noncompliance. However, many studies do not consider the observed compliance behavior in…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-15 Kwonsang Lee , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya , Jing Qin , Dylan S. Small

We introduce a new test procedure of independence in the framework of parametric copulas with unknown marginals. The method is based essentially on the dual representation of $\chi^2$-divergence on signed finite measures. The asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Salim Bouzebda , Amor Keziou

Over the last couple of decades, several copula based methods have been proposed in the literature to test for the independence among several random variables. But these existing tests are not invariant under monotone transformations of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Angshuman Roy , Anil Ghosh , Alok Goswami , C. A. Murthy

Statistical data is often analyzed as a contingency table, sometimes with empty cells called zeros. Such sparse tables can be due to scarse observations classified in numerous categories, as for example in genetic association studies. Thus,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-07-28 Audrey Finkler

Statistical data is often analyzed as a contingency table, sometimes with empty cells called zeros. Such sparse tables can be due to scarse observations classified in numerous categories, as for example in genetic association studies. Thus,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-07-28 Audrey Finkler

We present a new way of testing ordered hypotheses against all alternatives which overpowers the classical approach both in simplicity and statistical power. Our new method tests the constrained likelihood ratio statistic against the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-26 Diaa Al Mohamad , Jelle J. Goeman , Erik W. van Zwet , Eric A. Cator

We discuss a goodness-of-fit method which tests the compatibility between statistically independent data sets. The method gives sensible results even in cases where the chi^2-minima of the individual data sets are very low or when several…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Maltoni , T. Schwetz

We describe a data-efficient, kernel-based approach to statistical testing of conditional independence. A major challenge of conditional independence testing is to obtain the correct test level (the specified upper bound on the rate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Roman Pogodin , Antonin Schrab , Yazhe Li , Danica J. Sutherland , Arthur Gretton

Traditional meta-analysis assumes that the effect sizes estimated in individual studies follow a Gaussian distribution. However, this distributional assumption is not always satisfied in practice, leading to potentially biased results. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Wei Liang , Haicheng Huang , Hongsheng Dai , Yinghui Wei

We develop a pivotal test to assess the statistical significance of the feature variables in a single-layer feedforward neural network regression model. We propose a gradient-based test statistic and study its asymptotics using…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Enguerrand Horel , Kay Giesecke

Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors or matrices of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimensions. Unlike Pearson correlation, the population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Kontemeniotis Nikolaos , Vargiakakis Rafail , Tsagris Michail

The recently introduced framework of universal inference provides a new approach to constructing hypothesis tests and confidence regions that are valid in finite samples and do not rely on any specific regularity assumptions on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-11 David Strieder , Mathias Drton