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Related papers: A Refinement of the $3x+1$ Conjecture

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The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Andreas-Stephan Elsenhans

The $3k-4$ Theorem asserts that, if $A,\,B\subseteq \mathbb Z$ are finite, nonempty subsets with $|A|\geq |B|$ and $|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r< |A|+2|B|-3$, then there are arithmetic progressions $P_A$ and $P_B$ of common difference with $X\subseteq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-26 David J. Grynkiewicz

The famous (3n + 1) or Collatz conjecture has admitted some progress over the last several decades towards the conclusion that the conjecture is true (i.e. that all Collatz sequences will eventually reach a value of one), but has stubbornly…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Brian Mohan Gurbaxani

Collatz conjecture is generalized to $3n+3^k$ ($k\in N$). Operating as usual, every sequence seems to reach $3^k$ and end up in the loop $3^k, 4.3^k, 2.3^k,3^k$. The usual $3n+1$ conjecture is recovered for $k=0$. For $k>0$, we noticed the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Naouel Boulkaboul

We prove bounds for the number of solutions to $$a_1 + \dots + a_k = a_1' + \dots + a_k'$$ over $N$-element sets of reals, which are sufficiently convex or near-convex. A near-convex set will be the image of a set with small additive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-26 Peter J. Bradshaw , Brandon Hanson , Misha Rudnev

In this paper, we state a conjecture on the prime factorization of numbers of the form $n!+1$, explore its implications, and compare it with empirical evidence and established results based on the $abc$ conjecture.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-09-21 William Gerst

The abc conjecture, one of the most famous open problems in number theory, claims that three positive integers satisfying a+b=c cannot simultaneously have significant repetition among their prime factors; in particular, the product of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-11 Greg Martin , Winnie Miao

The Collatz conjecture asserts that repeatedly iterating $f(x) = (3x + 1)/2^{a(x)}$, where $a(x)$ is the highest exponent for which $2^{a(x)}$ exactly divides $3x+1$, always lead to $1$ for any odd positive integer $x$. Here, we present an…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Zenon B. Batang

The representation of numbers in rational base $p/q$ was introduced in 2008 by Akiyama, Frougny & Sakarovitch, with a special focus on the case $p/q=3/2$. Unnoticed since then, natural questions related to representations in that specific…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Shalom Eliahou , Jean-Louis Verger-Gaugry

We give new Turing machines that simulate the iteration of the Collatz 3x+1 function. First, a never halting Turing machine with 3 states and 4 symbols, improving the known 3x5 and 4x4 Turing machines. Second, Turing machines that halt on…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-09-26 Pascal Michel

In this paper, we will introduce an extension to the Collatz's conjecture. This conjecture may be seen as a general conjecture that unifies the Collatz one together with many other similar conjectures. For instance, we propose our new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Abderrahman Bouhamidi

We present a solution of $3x+1$ problem. For a history of this problem we refer the reader to Lagarias, Jeffrey C.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-09-20 Ewa Wanda Graczyńska

The Collatz Conjecture can be stated as: using the reduced Collatz function $C(n) = (3n+1)/2^x$ where $2^x$ is the largest power of 2 that divides $3n+1$, any odd integer $n$ will eventually reach 1 in $j$ iterations such that $C^j(n) = 1$.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Erhan Tezcan

I want to show one possibility to proof the Collatz conjecture, also called 3n+1 conjecture, for any natural number N. For this, I limit my analysis on the direct odd follower of every natural odd number and show the connections between the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Carolin Zöbelein

The (3x+1)-Map, T, acts on the set, Pi, of positive integers not divisible by 2 or 3. It is defined by T(x) = (3x+1)/2^k, where k is the largest integer for which T(x) is an integer. The (3x+1)-Conjecture asks if for every x in Pi there…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alex V. Kontorovich , Yakov G. Sinai

This paper discusses prime numbers that are (resp. are not) congruent numbers. Particularly the only case not fully covered by earlier results, namely primes of the form $p=8k+1$, receives attention.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Tim Evink , Jaap Top , Jakob Dirk Top

The classic model of computable randomness considers martingales that take real or rational values. Recent work by Bienvenu et al. (2012) and Teutsch (2014) shows that fundamental features of the classic model change when the martingales…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-04-16 Ron Peretz

We demonstrate that the number of cycles for two problems of the family of generalized 3x+1 mappings is possible finite.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Robert Tremblay

Discussion about the convergence and divergence of trajectories generated by certain functions derived from generalized 3x+1 mappings

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Robert Tremblay

The Collatz problem is generalized into $3n + 3^k$ problem. It is shown that as long as the Collatz function iterates converge to the cycle passing through the number 1, the $3n + 3^k$ sequence converges to the cycle passing through the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 David Barina , W. C. Maat