Related papers: Generalized 3x + 1 Mappings : searching for cycles

For a multi-component system, general formulas are derived for the dimension of a coexisting region in the phase diagram in various state spaces.

The $3x+1$ Problem asks if whether for every natural number $n$, there exists a finite number of iterations of the piecewise function $$f(2n)=n, \quad f(2n-1)=6n-2, $$ with an iterate equal to the number $1$, or in other words, every…

We establish closed-form expansions for the number of colorings of a path or cycle on n vertices with colors from 1,...,x such that adjacent vertices are colored differently or with colors from y+1,...x.

We present some interesting observations on the 3x+1 problem. We propose a new algorithm which eliminates certain steps while we check the action of 3x+1 procedure on a number. Also, we propose a reason why many numbers follow a similar…

Under the 3x+1 problem, classified the number into four kind by mod 4. The four kind number can form a cycle base on 3x+b1 problem. Base on this cycle, if the number of kind number is zero the 3x+1 will be proofed.

We face the problem of characterizing the periodic cases in parametric families of (real or complex) rational diffeomorphisms having a fixed point. Our approach relies on the Normal Form Theory, to obtain necessary conditions for the…

Without imposing restrictions on a weighted graph's arc lengths, symmetry structures cannot be expected. But, they exist. To find them, the graphs are decomposed into a component that dictates all closed path properties (e.g., shortest and…

This paper is an overview and survey of work on the 3x+1 problem, also called the Collatz problem, and generalizations of it. It gives a history of the problem. It addresses two questions: (1) What can mathematics currently say about this…

The problem is posed to find out for arbitrary nonvoid sets $X$ which are all the mappings $T : X \longrightarrow X$ that can be defined and each separately identified through means of categories alone. As argued, this problem may have a…

Dual decomposition provides a tractable framework for designing algorithms for finding the most probable (MAP) configuration in graphical models. However, for many real-world inference problems, the typical decomposition has a large…

Let X be a (possibly nodal) K-trivial threefold moving in a fixed ambient space P. Suppose X contains a continuous family of curves, all of whose members satisfy certain unobstructedness conditions in P. A formula is given for computing the…

Let G be a planar triangle-free graph and let C be a cycle in G of length at most 8. We characterize all situations where a 3-coloring of C does not extend to a proper 3-coloring of the whole graph.

The existence and construction of common invariant cones for families of real matrices is considered. The complete results are obtained for 2x2 matrices (with no additional restrictions) and for families of simultaneously diagonalizable…

We study joint distributions of cycles and patterns in permutations written in standard cycle form. We explore both classical and generalised patterns of length 2 and 3. Many extensions of classical theory are achieved; bivariate generating…

We discuss and prove a number of results for calculating characteristic cycles, or graded, enriched characteristic cycles. We concentrate particularly on results related to hypersurfaces.

Given two graphs, a mapping between their edge-sets is cycle-continuous, if the preimage of every cycle is a cycle. The motivation for this notion is Jaeger's conjecture that for every bridgeless graph there is a cycle-continuous mapping to…

We introduce the notion of watching systems in graphs, which is a generalization of that of identifying codes. We give some basic properties of watching systems, an upper bound on the minimum size of a watching system, and results on the…

We consider the problem of finding a 1-planar drawing for a general graph, where a 1-planar drawing is a drawing in which each edge participates in at most one crossing. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard we investigate the…

This note describes some open problems that can be examined with the purpose of gaining additional insight of how to solve the problem of finding a general classification of geodetic graphs

We generalize the notion of cyclic codes by using generator polynomials in (non commutative) skew polynomial rings. Since skew polynomial rings are left and right euclidean, the obtained codes share most properties of cyclic codes. Since…