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Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Retrieval-augmented generation have become central in natural language processing due to their efficacy in generating factual content. While traditional methods employ single-time retrieval, more recent approaches have shifted towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Jiajie Jin , Jian-Yun Nie , Zhicheng Dou

Although neural conversation models are effective in learning how to produce fluent responses, their primary challenge lies in knowing what to say to make the conversation contentful and non-vacuous. We present a new end-to-end approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Lianhui Qin , Michel Galley , Chris Brockett , Xiaodong Liu , Xiang Gao , Bill Dolan , Yejin Choi , Jianfeng Gao

Automatic generation of paraphrases from a given sentence is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), and plays a key role in a number of applications such as question answering, search, and dialogue. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Zichao Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Hang Li

This paper addresses the problem of generating questions from a given context and an answer, specifically focusing on questions that require multi-hop reasoning across an extended context. Previous studies have suggested that key phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zehua Xia , Qi Gou , Bowen Yu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a new paradigm where the reasoning model decides when to invoke a retriever (as a "tool") when answering a question. This paradigm, exemplified by recent research works such as Search-R1,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Fangzheng Tian , Jinyuan Fang , Debasis Ganguly , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Conversation generation as a challenging task in Natural Language Generation (NLG) has been increasingly attracting attention over the last years. A number of recent works adopted sequence-to-sequence structures along with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Changzhen Ji , Yating Zhang , Xiaozhong Liu , Adam Jatowt , Changlong Sun , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao

Conversational recommender systems have attracted immense attention recently. The most recent approaches rely on neural models trained on recorded dialogs between humans, implementing an end-to-end learning process. These systems are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Ahtsham Manzoor , Dietmar Jannach

Question answering (QA) is an important use case on voice assistants. A popular approach to QA is extractive reading comprehension (RC) which finds an answer span in a text passage. However, extractive answers are often unnatural in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Stan Peshterliev , Barlas Oguz , Debojeet Chatterjee , Hakan Inan , Vikas Bhardwaj

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz

In this paper, a novel Generation-Evaluation framework is developed for multi-turn conversations with the objective of letting both participants know more about each other. For the sake of rational knowledge utilization and coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Siqi Bao , Huang He , Fan Wang , Rongzhong Lian , Hua Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge retrieval. However, existing RAG frameworks primarily rely on semantic similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Elahe Khatibi , Ziyu Wang , Amir M. Rahmani

Conversational and task-oriented dialogue systems aim to interact with the user using natural responses through multi-modal interfaces, such as text or speech. These desired responses are in the form of full-length natural answers generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Vaishali Pal , Manish Shrivastava , Laurent Besacier

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown promising potential in knowledge intensive question answering (QA). However, existing approaches only consider the query itself, neither specifying the retrieval preferences for the retrievers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhongwu Chen , Chengjin Xu , Dingmin Wang , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Xuhui Jiang , Jian Guo

A Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based question-answering (QA) system enhances a large language model's knowledge by retrieving relevant documents based on user queries. Discrepancies between user queries and document phrasings often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Qi Wang , Yixuan Cao , Yifan Liu , Jiangtao Zhao , Ping Luo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by incorporating external knowledge with parametric memory of language models, has become the state-of-the-art architecture for open-domain QA tasks. However, common knowledge bases are inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Zhebin Zhang , Xinyu Zhang , Yuanhang Ren , Saijiang Shi , Meng Han , Yongkang Wu , Ruofei Lai , Zhao Cao

Query expansion with pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) is a powerful approach to enhance the effectiveness in information retrieval. Recently, with the rapid advance of deep learning techniques, neural text generation has achieved promising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Minghui Huang , Dong Wang , Shuang Liu , Meizhen Ding

Conversational question answering (ConvQA) is a convenient means of searching over RDF knowledge graphs (KGs), where a prevalent approach is to translate natural language questions to SPARQL queries. However, SPARQL has certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Rishiraj Saha Roy , Chris Hinze , Joel Schlotthauer , Farzad Naderi , Viktor Hangya , Andreas Foltyn , Luzian Hahn , Fabian Kuech

Recent advances in QA pair generation (QAG) have raised interest in applying this technique to the educational field. However, the diversity of QA types remains a challenge despite its contributions to comprehensive learning and assessment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Jinsung Kim , Yuna Hur , Jeongwook Kim , Songeun Lee , Changwoo Chun , Sungsoo Park , Heuiseok Lim

We introduce a novel schema for sequence to sequence learning with a Deep Q-Network (DQN), which decodes the output sequence iteratively. The aim here is to enable the decoder to first tackle easier portions of the sequences, and then turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Hongyu Guo