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Humans exhibit time-inconsistent behavior, in which planned actions diverge from executed actions. Understanding time inconsistency and designing appropriate interventions is a key research challenge in computer science and behavioral…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yasunori Akagi , Takeshi Kurashima

Tasks where the set of possible actions depend discontinuously on the state pose a significant challenge for current reinforcement learning algorithms. For example, a locked door must be first unlocked, and then the handle turned before the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Mrinal Verghese , Chris Atkeson

We study tabular reinforcement learning problems with multiple steps of lookahead information. Before acting, the learner observes $\ell$ steps of future transition and reward realizations: the exact state the agent would reach and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Nadav Merlis

Multi-agent consensus problems can often be seen as a sequence of autonomous and independent local choices between a finite set of decision options, with each local choice undertaken simultaneously, and with a shared goal of achieving a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-12 David Kohan Marzagão , Luciana Basualdo Bonatto , Tiago Madeira , Marcelo Matheus Gauy , Peter McBurney

There is a consensus that human and non-human subjects experience temporal distortions in many stages of their perceptual and decision-making systems. Similarly, intertemporal choice research has shown that decision-makers undervalue future…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-31 Pedro A. Ortega , Naftali Tishby

Stochastic resetting, where a dynamical process is intermittently returned to a fixed reference state, has emerged as a powerful mechanism for optimizing first-passage properties. Existing theory largely treats static, non-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jello Zhou , Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn , David J. Schwab

Automated decision-making tools increasingly assess individuals to determine if they qualify for high-stakes opportunities. A recent line of research investigates how strategic agents may respond to such scoring tools to receive favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Keegan Harris , Hoda Heidari , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Experience replay is a key technique behind many recent advances in deep reinforcement learning. Allowing the agent to learn from earlier memories can speed up learning and break undesirable temporal correlations. Despite its wide-spread…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Ruishan Liu , James Zou

Reinforcement learners are agents that learn to pick actions that lead to high reward. Ideally, the value of a reinforcement learner's policy approaches optimality--where the optimal informed policy is the one which maximizes reward.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Michael K. Cohen , Elliot Catt , Marcus Hutter

Online reinforcement learning agents are currently able to process an increasing amount of data by converting it into a higher order value functions. This expansion of the information collected from the environment increases the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mirza Ramicic , Andrea Bonarini

We study a sequential resource allocation problem where a decision maker selects subsets of agents at each period to maximize overall outcomes without prior knowledge of individual-level effects. Our framework applies to settings such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Katherine B. Adams , Justin J. Boutilier , Qinyang He , Yonatan Mintz

We consider a class of reinforcement-learning systems in which the agent follows a behavior policy to explore a discrete state-action space to find an optimal policy while adhering to some restriction on its behavior. Such restriction may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Peter C. Y. Chen

Stimulus from the environment that guides behavior and informs decisions is encoded in the firing rates of neural populations. Each neuron in the populations, however, does not spike independently: spike events are correlated from cell to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2012-07-24 Nicholas Cain , Eric Shea-Brown

An agent choosing between various actions tends to take the one with the lowest cost. But this choice is arguably too rigid (not adaptive) to be useful in complex situations, e.g., where exploration-exploitation trade-off is relevant in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-12-04 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan , Ali E. Abbas , Zbigniew R. Struzik

Biological brains are inherently limited in their capacity to process and store information, but are nevertheless capable of solving complex tasks with apparent ease. Intelligent behavior is related to these limitations, since resource…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-16 Nisheet Patel , Luigi Acerbi , Alexandre Pouget

Actor critic methods with sparse rewards in model-based deep reinforcement learning typically require a deterministic binary reward function that reflects only two possible outcomes: if, for each step, the goal has been achieved or not. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Juan Vargas , Lazar Andjelic , Amir Barati Farimani

This paper augments the reward received by a reinforcement learning agent with potential functions in order to help the agent learn (possibly stochastic) optimal policies. We show that a potential-based reward shaping scheme is able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Baicen Xiao , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

We consider reinforcement learning in changing Markov Decision Processes where both the state-transition probabilities and the reward functions may vary over time. For this problem setting, we propose an algorithm using a sliding window…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Pratik Gajane , Ronald Ortner , Peter Auer

In this paper, we investigate the probabilistic variants of the strategy logics ATL and ATL* under imperfect information. Specifically, we present novel decidability and complexity results when the model transitions are stochastic and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Francesco Belardinelli , Wojciech Jamroga , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano

Methods for learning and planning in sequential decision problems often assume the learner is aware of all possible states and actions in advance. This assumption is sometimes untenable. In this paper, we give a method to learn factored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Craig Innes , Alex Lascarides