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This paper presents the results of a research study related to software system failures, with the goal of understanding how we might better evolve, maintain and support software systems in production. We have qualitatively analyzed thirty…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Jonathan Sillito , Esdras Kutomi

In recent years, technology has advanced considerably with the introduction of many systems including advanced robotics, big data analytics, cloud computing, machine learning and many more. The opportunities to exploit the yet to come…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Sam Wen Ping , Jeffrey Cheok Jun Wah , Lee Wen Jie , Jeremy Bong Yong Han , Saira Muzafar

When assessing the potential impact of code-level vulnerabilities, e.g., discovered by automated analyzers, it is essential to consider them in the context of the system's security design. However, this is a challenging task due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sven Peldszus , Frederik Reiche , Kevin Hermann , Sophie Corallo , Thorsten Berger , Robert Heinrich

Refactoring is widely recognized as one of the efficient techniques to manage technical debt and maintain a healthy software project through enforcing best design practices or coping with design defects. Previous refactoring surveys have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Anthony Peruma , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian D. Newman , Ali Ouni

When writing software code, developers typically prioritise functionality over security, either consciously or unconsciously through biases and heuristics. This is often attributed to tangible pressures such as client requirements, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Matthew Ivory

This paper is an introductory discussion on the cause of open source software vulnerabilities, their importance in the cybersecurity ecosystem, and a selection of detection methods. A recent application security report showed 44% of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Stuart Millar

Modern systems operate in multiple contexts making variability a fundamental aspect of Configurable Software Systems (CSSs). Variability, implemented via pre-processor directives (e.g., #ifdef blocks) interleaved with other code and spread…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Karolina M. Milano , Wesley K. G. Assunção , Bruno B. P. Cafeo

The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and applications has led to an increasingly complex security landscape. Developers of AI projects must contend not only with traditional software supply chain issues but also with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 The Anh Nguyen , Triet Huynh Minh Le , M. Ali Babar

Modern software development is based on a series of rapid incremental changes collaboratively made to large source code repositories by developers with varying experience and expertise levels. The ZeroIn project is aimed at analyzing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Kalyan Perumalla , Aradhana Soni , Rupam Dey , Steven Rich

The Department of Homeland Security in the United States estimates that 90% of software vulnerabilities can be traced back to defects in design and software coding. The financial impact of these vulnerabilities has been shown to exceed 380…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Ulrike Lechner , Maria Pinto-Albuquerque , Daniel Mendez

The task of designing secure software systems is fraught with uncertainty, as data on uncommon attacks is limited, costs are difficult to estimate, and technology and tools are continually changing. Consequently, experts may interpret the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Simon Miller , Susan Appleby , Jonathan M. Garibaldi , Uwe Aickelin

Software vulnerabilities often persist or re-emerge even after being fixed, revealing the complex interplay between code evolution and socio-technical factors. While source code metrics provide useful indicators of vulnerabilities, software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Samiha Shimmi , Nicholas M. Synovic , Mona Rahimi , George K. Thiruvathukal

To evaluate how developers perform differently in solving programming tasks, i.e., which actions and behaviours are more beneficial to them than others and if there are any specific strategies and behaviours that may indicate good versus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Martin Schröer , Rainer Koschke

These days, software development and security go hand in hand. Numerous techniques and strategies are discussed in the literature that can be applied to guarantee the incorporation of security into the software development process. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Timo Langstrof , Alex R. Sabau

Security must be considered in almost every software system. Unfortunately, selecting and implementing security features remains challenging due to the variety of security threats and possible countermeasures. While security standards are…

As collaborative coding environments make it easier to contribute to software projects, the number of developers involved in these projects keeps increasing. This increase makes it more difficult for code reviewers to deal with buggy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Filipe Falcão , Caio Barbosa , Baldoino Fonseca , Alessandro Garcia , Márcio Ribeiro , Rohit Ghey

Software evolution is a fundamental process that transcends the realm of technical artifacts and permeates the entire organizational structure of a software project. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Mitchell Joblin , Sven Apel , Wolfgang Mauerer

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum). 680 million US dollars worth of digital assets controlled by smart contracts have been hacked or stolen due to various security vulnerabilities in 2021.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tanusree Sharma , Zhixuan Zhou , Andrew Miller , Yang Wang

A fundamental unit of work in programming is the code contribution ("commit") that a developer makes to the code base of the project in work. An author's commit frequency describes how often that author commits. Knowing the distribution of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-22 Carsten Kolassa , Dirk Riehle , Michel A. Salim

Understanding the collective social behavior of software developers is crucial to model and predict the long-term dynamics and sustainability of Open Source Software (OSS) communities. To this end, we analyze temporal activity patterns of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Lisi Qarkaxhija , Maximilian Capraro , Stefan Menzel , Bernhard Sendhoff , Ingo Scholtes