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We propose a new scenario characterizing the transition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions from a highly non-equilibrium state at early times toward a fluid described by hydrodynamics at late times. We develop…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-03-11 Jasmine Brewer , Li Yan , Yi Yin

Exact solutions to the equations of hydrodynamics provide valuable benchmark tests for numerical hydrodynamic codes and also provide useful insights into the nature of hydrodynamic flow. In this paper, we introduce two novel, closely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-07 Owen Bradley , Christopher Plumberg

At LHC extreme values of energy density will be reached even for proton-proton collisions. Such values of energy density may be large enough to generate a collective motion in the products of the collision, therefore generating effects such…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-30 G. Ortona , G. S. Denicol , Ph. Mota , T. Kodama

We study the evolution of dynamic fluctuations averaged over different space lengths and time scales to characterize spatially and temporally heterogeneous behavior of TIP4P/2005 water in liquid and supercooled states. Analysing a million…

The relative correlation between the magnitudes of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) has been accurately measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC collider. As a function of the centrality of the collision, it…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Mubarak Alqahtani , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The time evolution of the medium created in heavy ion collisions can be described by hydrodynamical models. After expansion and cooling, the hadrons are created in a freeze-out. Their distribution describes the final state of this medium.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-25 Mate Csanad , Andras Szabo

A consistent picture of the Au+Au and D+Au, s^1/2 = 200 A GeV measurements at RHIC obtained with the PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS detectors including both the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra was previously developed with the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 D. E. Kahana , S. H. Kahana

In the context of event-by-event hydrodynamic description, we analyze the implications of two models characterized by distinct initial conditions. The initial energy density of the first model adopts a Gaussian-type distribution, while…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-02 Dan Wen , Kai Lin , Wei-Liang Qian , Bin Wang , Yogiro Hama , Takeshi Kodama

We apply divergence-type theory (DTT) dissipative hydrodynamics to study the 2+1 space-time evolution of the fireball created in Au+Au relativistic heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$200 GeV. DTTs are exact hydrodynamic theories that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-02 J. Peralta-Ramos , E. Calzetta

I compare the first viscous hydrodynamic prediction for integrated elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC with the first data released by the ALICE collaboration. These new data are found to be consistent with hydrodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-04-22 Matthew Luzum

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-10 Gábor László Kasza

We present measurements of elliptic flow and event-by-event fluctuations established by the PHOBOS experiment. Elliptic flow scaled by participant eccentricity is found to be similar for both systems when collisions with the same number of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Rachid Nouicer

In this thesis, we focus on the fluctuations and correlations of the collective observables such as the mean transverse momentum per particle ($[p_T]$) and harmonic flow coefficients ($v_n$) of particles produced in the ultrarelativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-20 Rupam Samanta

Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions depend little on rapidity. The hydrodynamic expansion which occurs in later stages then gives rise to correlations among outgoing particles…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-30 Tribhuban Parida , Rupam Samanta , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

When two nuclei collide close to the speed of light, a fluid state known as the quark-gluon plasma is formed. Attempts to understand the dynamics of this fluid have generated significant research into dissipative relativistic fluid…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-21 Nicki Mullins , Mauricio Hippert , Jorge Noronha , Lorenzo Gavassino

Quantum fluctuations plays an essential role in forming the collective flow of hadrons observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Event-by-event fluctuations of the collective flow can arise from various sources, such as the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-09 Xinrong Chen , Xiang-Yu Wu , Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin

State-of-the-art hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions have considerable theoretical model uncertainties in the description of the very early pre-hydrodynamic stage. We add a new computational module, K$_\mathrm{T}$Iso, that describes…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-07-13 Dananjaya Liyanage , Derek Everett , Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz

In heavy-ion collisions, momentum-dependent pair correlations can be characterized by a principal component analysis (PCA), in which subleading modes are expected to reveal new information on flow fluctuations. However, we find that, as…

In this article, we briefly review the recent progress on collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which includes the following topics: extracting the QGP viscosity from the flow data,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-03-03 Huichao Song , You Zhou , Katarina Gajdosova

The initial conditions of one-dimensional expanding viscous fluids in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are scrutinized in terms of nonlinear causality of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations. Conventionally, it is believed that the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-03 Tau Hoshino , Tetsufumi Hirano
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