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Decrypting and inspecting encrypted malicious communications may assist crime detection and prevention. Access to client or server memory enables the discovery of artefacts required for decrypting secure communications. This paper develops…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Peter McLaren , Gordon Russell , William J. Buchanan , Zhiyuan Tan

Ransomware is a kind of malware using cryptographic mechanisms to prevent victims from normal use of their computers. As a result, victims lose the access to their files and desktops unless they pay the ransom to the attackers. By the end…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Tianrou Xia , Yuanyi Sun , Sencun Zhu , Zeeshan Rasheed , Khurram Shafique

Computer malware and biological pathogens often use similar mechanisms of infections. For this reason, it has been suggested to model malware spread using epidemiological models developed to characterize the spread of biological pathogens.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Elad Yom-Tov , Nir Levy , Amir Rubin

Ransomware has been an ongoing issue since the early 1990s. In recent times ransomware has spread from traditional computational resources to cyber-physical systems and industrial controls. We devised a series of experiments in which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Anthony Melaragno , William Casey

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

The commoditization of Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) allows criminals to obtain financial benefits at a low risk and with little technical background. One such popular product in the underground economy is ransomware. In ransomware attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Javier Yuste , Sergio Pastrana

Detection and analysis of a potential malware specifically, used for ransom is a challenging task. Recently, intruders are utilizing advanced cryptographic techniques to get hold of digital assets and then demand a ransom. It is believed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Arslan Ashraf , Abdul Aziz , Umme Zahoora , Muttukrishnan Rajarajan , Asifullah Khan

The threat from ransomware continues to grow both in the number of affected victims as well as the cost incurred by the people and organisations impacted in a successful attack. In the majority of cases, once a victim has been attacked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Simon R Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J Buchanan

The growing commoditization of the underground economy has given rise to malware delivery networks, which charge fees for quickly delivering malware or unwanted software to a large number of hosts. To provide this service, a key method is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Bum Jun Kwon , Virinchi Srinivas , Amol Deshpande , Tudor Dumitraş

This research recasts ransomware detection using performance monitoring and statistical machine learning. The work builds a test environment with 41 input variables to label and compares three computing states: idle, encryption and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-28 David Noever , Samantha Miller Noever

The damage caused by crypto-ransomware, due to encryption, is difficult to revert and cause data losses. In this paper, a machine learning (ML) classifier was built to early detect ransomware (called crypto-ransomware) that uses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Chih-Yuan Yang , Ravi Sahita

Backdoor Malware are installed by an attacker on the victim's server(s) for authorized access. A customized backdoor is weaponized to execute unauthorized system, database and application commands to access the user credentials and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Anthony Cheuk Tung Lai , Vitaly Kamluk , Alan Ho , Ping Fan Ke , Byron Wai

Using runtime execution artifacts to identify malware and its associated family is an established technique in the security domain. Many papers in the literature rely on explicit features derived from network, file system, or registry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Aziz Mohaisen , Omar Alrawi , Jeman Park , Joongheon Kim , DaeHun Nyang , Manar Mohaisen

Computing is still under a significant threat from ransomware, which necessitates prompt action to prevent it. Ransomware attacks can have a negative impact on how smart grids, particularly digital substations. In addition to examining a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Hong-Nhung Nguyen , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Damien Lescos

We apply language modeling techniques to detect ransomware activity in NVMe command sequences. We design and train two types of transformer-based models: the Command-Level Transformer (CLT) performs in-context token classification to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Barak Bringoltz , Elisha Halperin , Ran Feraru , Evgeny Blaichman , Amit Berman

File encrypting ransomware increasingly employs intermittent encryption techniques, encrypting only parts of files to evade classical detection methods. These strategies, exemplified by ransomware families like BlackCat, complicate file…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ynes Ineza , Gerald Jackson , Prince Niyonkuru , Jaden Kevil , Abdul Serwadda

Ransomware, a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and only releases the cryptographic key once a ransom is paid, has emerged as a potentially devastating class of cybercrimes in the past few years. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Florian Quinkert , Thorsten Holz , KSM Tozammel Hossain , Emilio Ferrara , Kristina Lerman

Malware authors are continuously evolving their code base to include counter-analysis methods that can significantly hinder their detection and blocking. While the execution of malware in a sandboxed environment may provide a lot of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Vasilis Vouvoutsis , Fran Casino , Constantinos Patsakis

One of the challenges in fighting cybercrime is to understand the dynamics of message propagation on botnets, networks of infected computers used to send viruses, unsolicited commercial emails (SPAM) or denial of service attacks. We map…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-20 Tamara Mihaljev , Lucilla de Arcangelis , Hans J. Herrmann

Ransomware attacks continue to wreak havoc across the globe, with public reports of total ransomware payments topping billions of dollars annually. While the use of cryptocurrency presents an avenue to understand the tactics of ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jack Cable , Ian W. Gray , Damon McCoy