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Recent studies have shown that a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) pretrained on a large image dataset can be used as a universal image descriptor, and that doing so leads to impressive performance for a variety of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-23 Lingqiao Liu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

The pooling operation is a cornerstone element of convolutional neural networks. These elements generate receptive fields for neurons, in which local perturbations should have minimal effect on the output activations, increasing robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Dóra Babicz , Soma Kontár , Márk Pető , András Fülöp , Gergely Szabó , András Horváth

Most modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used for object recognition are built using the same principles: Alternating convolution and max-pooling layers followed by a small number of fully connected layers. We re-evaluate the state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Jost Tobias Springenberg , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Thomas Brox , Martin Riedmiller

With the introduction of anti-aliased convolutional neural networks (CNN), there has been some resurgence in relooking the way pooling is done in CNNs. The fundamental building block of the anti-aliased CNN has been the application of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Adithya Sineesh , Mahesh Raveendranatha Panicker

We propose a novel pooling strategy that learns how to adaptively rank deep convolutional features for selecting more informative representations. To this end, we exploit discriminative analysis to project the features onto a space spanned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Arash Shahriari , Fatih Porikli

In modern computer vision tasks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are indispensable for image classification tasks due to their efficiency and effectiveness. Part of their superiority compared to other architectures, comes from the fact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Vighnesh Birodkar , Hossein Mobahi , Dilip Krishnan , Samy Bengio

We introduce a simple and effective method for regularizing large convolutional neural networks. We replace the conventional deterministic pooling operations with a stochastic procedure, randomly picking the activation within each pooling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-17 Matthew D. Zeiler , Rob Fergus

Global pooling layers are an essential part of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). They are used to aggregate activations of spatial locations to produce a fixed-size vector in several state-of-the-art CNNs. Global average pooling or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Vincent Christlein , Lukas Spranger , Mathias Seuret , Anguelos Nicolaou , Pavel Král , Andreas Maier

Convolutional layers in graph neural networks are a fundamental type of layer which output a representation or embedding of each graph vertex. The representation typically encodes information about the vertex in question and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Padraig Corcoran

Pooling is a critical operation in convolutional neural networks for increasing receptive fields and improving robustness to input variations. Most existing pooling operations downsample the feature maps, which is a lossy process. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Jiaojiao Zhao , Cees G. M. Snoek

Efficient custom pooling techniques that can aggressively trim the dimensions of a feature map and thereby reduce inference compute and memory footprint for resource-constrained computer vision applications have recently gained significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Fang Chen , Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter Beerel

Max-Pooling operations are a core component of deep learning architectures. In particular, they are part of most convolutional architectures used in machine vision, since pooling is a natural approach to pattern detection problems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Alon Brutzkus , Amir Globerson

Inspired by the conventional pooling layers in convolutional neural networks, many recent works in the field of graph machine learning have introduced pooling operators to reduce the size of graphs. The great variety in the literature stems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Daniele Grattarola , Daniele Zambon , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Cesare Alippi

In convolutional neural network-based character recognition, pooling layers play an important role in dimensionality reduction and deformation compensation. However, their kernel shapes and pooling operations are empirically predetermined;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Takato Otsuzuki , Heon Song , Seiichi Uchida , Hideaki Hayashi

Convolutional rectifier networks, i.e. convolutional neural networks with rectified linear activation and max or average pooling, are the cornerstone of modern deep learning. However, despite their wide use and success, our theoretical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Nadav Cohen , Amnon Shashua

In this paper, we propose a compact network called CUNet (compact unsupervised network) to counter the image classification challenge. Different from the traditional convolutional neural networks learning filters by the time-consuming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Le Dong , Ling He , Gaipeng Kong , Qianni Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Ebroul Izquierdo

In most convolution neural networks (CNNs), downsampling hidden layers is adopted for increasing computation efficiency and the receptive field size. Such operation is commonly so-called pooling. Maximation and averaging over sliding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Hao Zhang , Jianwei Ma

Regularization of deep neural networks has been an important issue to achieve higher generalization performance without overfitting problems. Although the popular method of Dropout provides a regularization effect, it causes inconsistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bum Jun Kim , Sang Woo Kim

In this paper we present a deep neural network topology that incorporates a simple to implement transformation invariant pooling operator (TI-POOLING). This operator is able to efficiently handle prior knowledge on nuisance variations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Dmitry Laptev , Nikolay Savinov , Joachim M. Buhmann , Marc Pollefeys

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have enabled major advances in image classification through convolution and pooling. In particular, image pooling transforms a connected discrete lattice into a reduced lattice with the same connectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Stevan Stanovic , Benoit Gaüzère , Luc Brun