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We present a family of neural-network--inspired models for computing continuous word representations, specifically designed to exploit both monolingual and multilingual text. This framework allows us to perform unsupervised training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Radu Soricut , Nan Ding

We present a neural network architecture based on bidirectional LSTMs to compute representations of words in the sentential contexts. These context-sensitive word representations are suitable for, e.g., distinguishing different word senses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Kazuya Kawakami , Chris Dyer

We present LLMSTEP, a tool for integrating a language model into the Lean proof assistant. LLMSTEP is a Lean 4 tactic that sends a user's proof state to a server hosting a language model. The language model generates suggestions, which are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sean Welleck , Rahul Saha

Word representation has always been an important research area in the history of natural language processing (NLP). Understanding such complex text data is imperative, given that it is rich in information and can be used widely across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Usman Naseem , Imran Razzak , Shah Khalid Khan , Mukesh Prasad

Multilingual (or cross-lingual) embeddings represent several languages in a unique vector space. Using a common embedding space enables for a shared semantic between words from different languages. In this paper, we propose to embed images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Maxime Portaz , Hicham Randrianarivo , Adrien Nivaggioli , Estelle Maudet , Christophe Servan , Sylvain Peyronnet

Recommendation systems, for documents, have become tools to find relevant content on the Web. However, these systems have limitations when it comes to recommending documents in languages different from the query language, which means they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Eduard-Raul Kontos , Matthia Sabatelli , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

The success of neural networks on a diverse set of NLP tasks has led researchers to question how much these networks actually ``know'' about natural language. Probes are a natural way of assessing this. When probing, a researcher chooses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Tiago Pimentel , Josef Valvoda , Rowan Hall Maudslay , Ran Zmigrod , Adina Williams , Ryan Cotterell

With the rapid development of NLP research, leaderboards have emerged as one tool to track the performance of various systems on various NLP tasks. They are effective in this goal to some extent, but generally present a rather simplistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Pengfei Liu , Jinlan Fu , Yang Xiao , Weizhe Yuan , Shuaicheng Chang , Junqi Dai , Yixin Liu , Zihuiwen Ye , Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

Word embeddings typically represent different meanings of a word in a single conflated vector. Empirical analysis of embeddings of ambiguous words is currently limited by the small size of manually annotated resources and by the fact that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Timothy J. Hazen , Eneko Agirre , Hinrich Schütze

Distributed word representations, or word vectors, have recently been applied to many tasks in natural language processing, leading to state-of-the-art performance. A key ingredient to the successful application of these representations is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Edouard Grave , Piotr Bojanowski , Prakhar Gupta , Armand Joulin , Tomas Mikolov

While word embeddings are currently predominant for natural language processing, most of existing models learn them solely from their contexts. However, these context-based word embeddings are limited since not all words' meaning can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Jifan Chen , Kan Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Zheng Zhang

The evaluation of cross-lingual semantic search models is often limited to existing datasets from tasks such as information retrieval and semantic textual similarity. We introduce Cross-Lingual Semantic Discrimination (CLSD), a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andrianos Michail , Simon Clematide , Rico Sennrich

Previous researches have shown that learning multiple representations for polysemous words can improve the performance of word embeddings on many tasks. However, this leads to another problem. Several vectors of a word may actually point to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Haoyue Shi , Caihua Li , Junfeng Hu

Distributed word representations are popularly used in many tasks in natural language processing. Adding that pretrained word vectors on huge text corpus achieved high performance in many different NLP tasks. This paper introduces multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Hadi Abdine , Christos Xypolopoulos , Moussa Kamal Eddine , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Xuefeng Yang , Kezhi Mao

We present minicons, an open source library that provides a standard API for researchers interested in conducting behavioral and representational analyses of transformer-based language models (LMs). Specifically, minicons enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Kanishka Misra

Scholars often explore literature outside of their home community of study. This exploration process is frequently hampered by field-specific jargon. Past computational work often focuses on supporting translation work by removing jargon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Calvin Bao , Yow-Ting Shiue , Marine Carpuat , Joel Chan

Language carries implicit human biases, functioning both as a reflection and a perpetuation of stereotypes that people carry with them. Recently, ML-based NLP methods such as word embeddings have been shown to learn such language biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Xavier Ferrer-Aran , Tom van Nuenen , Natalia Criado , Jose M. Such

We developed a system, TermWatch (https://stid-bdd.iut.univ-metz.fr/TermWatch/index.pl), which combines a linguistic extraction of terms, their structuring into a terminological network with a clustering algorithm. In this paper we explore…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2008-11-05 Veronila Lux-Pogodalla , Eric San Juan