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Hofmman's bound on the chromatic number of a graph states that $\chi \geq 1 - \frac {\lambda_1} {\lambda_n}$. Here we show that the same bound, or slight modifications of it, hold for several graph parameters related to the chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yonatan Bilu

A graph $G$ is \emph{chordless} if no cycle in $G$ has a chord. In the present work we investigate the chromatic index and total chromatic number of chordless graphs. We describe a known decomposition result for chordless graphs and use it…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-09-10 Raphael C. S. Machado , Celina M. H. de Figueiredo , Nicolas Trotignon

We prove that, for every graph $F$ with at least one edge, there is a constant $c_F$ such that there are graphs of arbitrarily large chromatic number and the same clique number as $F$ in which every $F$-free induced subgraph has chromatic…

For integers $k\ge 1$ and $m\ge 2$, let $g(k,m)$ be the least integer $n\ge 1$ such that every graph with chromatic number at least $n$ contains a $(k+1)$-connected subgraph with chromatic number at least $m$. We prove that \[ g(k,m)\le…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Achintya Raya Polavarapu

An equitable coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring of $G$ such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In the paper, we pose a conjecture that offers a gap-one bound for the smallest number of colors…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Janusz Dybizbański , Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

A number of famous results about triangle-free graphs determine the maximum chromatic number of graphs of order n with minimum degree greater than n/3. In this note these results are extended to Kr-free graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-01-14 Vladimir Nikiforov

Given a graph $G$, let $\Delta_2(G)$ denote the maximum number of neighbors any two distinct vertices of $G$ have in common. Vu (2002) proposed that, provided $\Delta_2(G)$ is not too small as a proportion of the maximum degree $\Delta(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Linda Cook , Ross J. Kang , Eileen Robinson , Gabriëlle Zwaneveld

Chris Lambie-Hanson proved recently that for every function $ f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{N} $ there is an $ \aleph_1 $-chromatic graph $ G $ of size $ 2^{\aleph_1} $ such that every $ (n+3) $-chromatic subgraph of $ G $ has at least $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-21 Attila Joó

The clique chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors in a vertex coloring so that no maximal clique is monochromatic. In 2016 McDiarmid, Mitsche and Pralat noted that around p \approx n^{-1/2} the clique chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Lyuben Lichev , Dieter Mitsche , Lutz Warnke

How large must the chromatic number of a graph be, in terms of the graph's maximum degree, to ensure that the most efficient way to reduce the chromatic number by removing vertices is to remove an independent set? By a reduction to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-13 Stijn Cambie , John Haslegrave , Ross J. Kang

We prove the existence of a function $f :\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that the vertices of every planar graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ can be 3-colored in such a way that each monochromatic component has at most $f(\Delta)$ vertices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-19 Louis Esperet , Gwenaël Joret

An $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph $G$ is a graph with its arcs having one of the $m$ different colors and edges having one of the $n$ different colors. A homomorphism $f$ of an $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph $G$ to an $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Sandip Das , Soumen Nandi , Sagnik Sen

We prove that for $k\geq 3$, the bound given by Brooks' theorem on the chromatic number of $k$-th powers of graphs of maximum degree $\Delta \geq 3$ can be lowered by 1, even in the case of online list coloring.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-10-22 Marthe Bonamy , Nicolas Bousquet

The smallest integer $k$ needed for the assignment of colors to the elements so that the coloring is proper (vertices and edges) is called the total chromatic number of a graph. Vizing and Behzed conjectured that the total coloring can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Geetha Jayabalan , Narayanan N , K Somasundaram

The Hall ratio of a graph G is the maximum of |V(H)|/alpha(H) over all subgraphs H of G. Clearly, the Hall ratio of a graph is a lower bound for the fractional chromatic number. It has been asked whether conversely, the fractional chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-31 Zdeněk Dvořák , Patrice Ossona de Mendez , Hehui Wu

The curling number of a graph G is defined as the number of times an element in the degree sequence of G appears the maximum. Graph colouring is an assignment of colours, labels or weights to the vertices or edges of a graph. A colouring…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-04-06 C. Susanth , N. K. Sudev , S. J. Kalayathankal

Folkman's theorem asserts the existence of graphs $G$ which are $K_4$-free, but which have the property that every two-coloring of $E(G)$ contains a monochromatic triangle. The quantitative aspects of $f(2,3,4)$, the least $n$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Eion Mulrenin

For a graph $G$ the symbol $G\tov(a_1,...,a_r)$ means that in every $r$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ for some $i\in\{1,...,r\}$ there exists a monochromatic $a_i$-clique of color $i$. The vertex Folkman numbers \[…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-24 N. Nenov

It is consistent that for every monotonically increasing function f:omega->omega there is a graph with size and chromatic number aleph_1 in which every n-chromatic subgraph has at least f(n) elements (n >= 3). This solves a $250 problem of…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Péter Komjáth , Saharon Shelah

This paper serves as the first extension of the topic of dominator colorings of graphs to the setting of digraphs. We establish the dominator chromatic number over all possible orientations of paths and cycles. In this endeavor we discover…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-21 Michael Cary