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With the growing attention on learning-to-learn new tasks using only a few examples, meta-learning has been widely used in numerous problems such as few-shot classification, reinforcement learning, and domain generalization. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Hung-Yu Tseng , Yi-Wen Chen , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Sifei Liu , Yen-Yu Lin , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Dropout is designed to relieve the overfitting problem in high-level vision tasks but is rarely applied in low-level vision tasks, like image super-resolution (SR). As a classic regression problem, SR exhibits a different behaviour as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Xiangtao Kong , Xina Liu , Jinjin Gu , Yu Qiao , Chao Dong

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

Attention-based architectures have become ubiquitous in machine learning, yet our understanding of the reasons for their effectiveness remains limited. This work proposes a new way to understand self-attention networks: we show that their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yihe Dong , Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Andreas Loukas

Training deep belief networks (DBNs) requires optimizing a non-convex function with an extremely large number of parameters. Naturally, existing gradient descent (GD) based methods are prone to arbitrarily poor local minima. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-09 Prateek Jain , Vivek Kulkarni , Abhradeep Thakurta , Oliver Williams

In this paper, we detail the relationship between convolutions and self-attention in natural language tasks. We show that relative position embeddings in self-attention layers are equivalent to recently-proposed dynamic lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Tyler A. Chang , Yifan Xu , Weijian Xu , Zhuowen Tu

Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Recently convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve great accuracy in visual recognition tasks. DenseNet becomes one of the most popular CNN models due to its effectiveness in feature-reuse. However, like other CNN models, DenseNets also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Kun Wan , Boyuan Feng , Lingwei Xie , Yufei Ding

Dropout is used to avoid overfitting by randomly dropping units from the neural networks during training. Inspired by dropout, this paper presents GI-Dropout, a novel dropout method integrating with global information to improve neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Hengru Xu , Shen Li , Renfen Hu , Si Li , Sheng Gao

Deep neural network (DNN)-based adaptive controllers can be used to compensate for unstructured uncertainties in nonlinear dynamic systems. However, DNNs are also very susceptible to overfitting and co-adaptation. Dropout regularization is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-01 Saiedeh Akbari , Emily J. Griffis , Omkar Sudhir Patil , Warren E. Dixon

Self-attention is the key mechanism of transformers, which are the essential building blocks of modern foundation models. Recent studies have shown that pure self-attention suffers from an increasing degree of rank collapse as depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xinyi Wu , Amir Ajorlou , Yifei Wang , Stefanie Jegelka , Ali Jadbabaie

Vision Transformer (ViT) self-attention mechanism is characterized by feature collapse in deeper layers, resulting in the vanishing of low-level visual features. However, such features can be helpful to accurately represent and identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Anxhelo Diko , Danilo Avola , Marco Cascio , Luigi Cinque

Transformer-based models have emerged as a leading architecture for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation tasks. A fundamental element of the transformer architecture is self-attention, which allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Venmugil Elango

Convolutions are a fundamental building block of modern computer vision systems. Recent approaches have argued for going beyond convolutions in order to capture long-range dependencies. These efforts focus on augmenting convolutional models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Prajit Ramachandran , Niki Parmar , Ashish Vaswani , Irwan Bello , Anselm Levskaya , Jonathon Shlens

Transformer models have achieved remarkable results in a wide range of applications. However, their scalability is hampered by the quadratic time and memory complexity of the self-attention mechanism concerning the sequence length. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yury Nahshan , Joseph Kampeas , Emir Haleva

Dropout is a widely used regularization technique which improves the generalization ability of a model by randomly dropping neurons. In light of this, we propose Dropout Prompt Learning, which aims for applying dropout to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Biao Chen , Lin Zuo , Mengmeng Jing , Kunbin He , Yuchen Wang

Self-attention mechanism is the key of the Transformer but often criticized for its computation demands. Previous token pruning works motivate their methods from the view of computation redundancy but still need to load the full network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sihao Lin , Pumeng Lyu , Dongrui Liu , Tao Tang , Xiaodan Liang , Andy Song , Xiaojun Chang

Attention, specifically scaled dot-product attention, has proven effective for natural language, but it does not have a mechanism for handling hierarchical patterns of arbitrary nesting depth, which limits its ability to recognize certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Brian DuSell , David Chiang

The Transformer is a sequence model that forgoes traditional recurrent architectures in favor of a fully attention-based approach. Besides improving performance, an advantage of using attention is that it can also help to interpret a model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Jesse Vig

Blind Super-Resolution (blind SR) aims to enhance the model's generalization ability with unknown degradation, yet it still encounters severe overfitting issues. Some previous methods inspired by dropout, which enhances generalization by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Xu , Wei Yu , Jiangtong Tan , Zhen Zou , Feng Zhao