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Our study reveals new theoretical insights into over-smoothing and feature over-correlation in graph neural networks. Specifically, we demonstrate that with increased depth, node representations become dominated by a low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

The Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) proposed by Kipf and Welling is an effective model for semi-supervised learning, but faces the obstacle of over-smoothing, which will weaken the representation ability of GCN. Recently some works are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Xue Liu , Dan Sun , Wei Wei

State-of-the-art Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have limited scalability with respect to the graph and model sizes. On large graphs, increasing the model depth often means exponential expansion of the scope (i.e., receptive field). Beyond…

Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are able to leverage the structure of graph data by passing messages along the edges of the graph. While this allows GNNs to learn features depending on the graph structure, for certain graph topologies it leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Kedar Karhadkar , Pradeep Kr. Banerjee , Guido Montúfar

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently achieved great empirical success in learning graph-structured data. To address its scalability issue due to the recursive embedding of neighboring features, graph topology sampling has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongkang Li , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Assisted by the availability of data and high performance computing, deep learning techniques have achieved breakthroughs and surpassed human performance empirically in difficult tasks, including object recognition, speech recognition, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shaeke Salman , Xiuwen Liu

Dropout as a common regularizer to prevent overfitting in deep neural networks has been less effective in convolutional layers than in fully connected layers. This is because Dropout drops features randomly, without considering local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyan Chen , Philippos Mordohai , Sergul Aydore

Graph Neural Network (GNN) resembles the diffusion process, leading to the over-smoothing of learned representations when stacking many layers. Hence, the reverse process of message passing can produce the distinguishable node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-12 MoonJeong Park , Jaeseung Heo , Dongwoo Kim

There has been tremendous success in the field of graph neural networks (GNNs) as a result of the development of the message-passing (MP) layer, which updates the representation of a node by combining it with its neighbors to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Hyeokjin Kwon , Jong-Min Lee

Message passing is a core mechanism in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), enabling the iterative update of node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exemplify this approach by adapting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mayssa Soussia , Gita Ayu Salsabila , Mohamed Ali Mahjoub , Islem Rekik

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are popular deep learning models designed to process graph-structured data through recursive neighborhood aggregations in the message passing process. When applied to semi-supervised node classification, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Kevin Mancini , Islem Rekik

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) is a model that can effectively handle graph data tasks and has been successfully applied. However, for large-scale graph datasets, GCN still faces the challenge of high computational overhead, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Guan Wang , Shuyin Xia , Lei Qian , Tao Wu , Guoyin Wang , Yi Wang , Wei Wang

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been employed as a kind of significant tool on many graph-based applications recently. Inspired by convolutional neural networks (CNNs), GCNs generate the embeddings of nodes by aggregating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Tao Huang , Yihan Zhang , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Zibin Zheng

Dropout is often used in deep neural networks to prevent over-fitting. Conventionally, dropout training invokes \textit{random drop} of nodes from the hidden layers of a Neural Network. It is our hypothesis that a guided selection of nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Rohit Keshari , Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn a generic model from multiple observed source domains that generalizes well to arbitrary unseen target domains without further training. The major challenge in DG is that the model inevitably faces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jintao Guo , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Residual connections and normalization layers have become standard design choices for graph neural networks (GNNs), and were proposed as solutions to the mitigate the oversmoothing problem in GNNs. However, how exactly these methods help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michael Scholkemper , Xinyi Wu , Ali Jadbabaie , Michael T. Schaub

Graph representation learning has become a ubiquitous component in many scenarios, ranging from social network analysis to energy forecasting in smart grids. In several applications, ensuring the fairness of the node (or graph)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Indro Spinelli , Simone Scardapane , Amir Hussain , Aurelio Uncini

One major challenge in training Deep Neural Networks is preventing overfitting. Many techniques such as data augmentation and novel regularizers such as Dropout have been proposed to prevent overfitting without requiring a massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Michael Cogswell , Faruk Ahmed , Ross Girshick , Larry Zitnick , Dhruv Batra

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have made significant advances in semi-supervised learning, especially for classification tasks. However, existing GCN based methods have two main drawbacks. First, to increase the receptive field and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qikui Zhu , Bo Du , Pingkun Yan