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The importance of proper data normalization for deep neural networks is well known. However, in continuous-time state-space model estimation, it has been observed that improper normalization of either the hidden state or hidden state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-15 Jonas Weigand , Gerben I. Beintema , Jonas Ulmen , Daniel Görges , Roland Tóth , Maarten Schoukens , Martin Ruskowski

Deep learning has emerged as a compelling framework for scientific and engineering computing, motivating growing interest in neural network-based solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs). Within this landscape, network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Tao Cheng , Lili Ju , Zhonghua Qiao , Xiaoping Zhang

In the past few years, convolutional neural nets (CNN) have shown incredible promise for learning visual representations. In this paper, we use CNNs for the task of predicting surface normals from a single image. But what is the right…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Xiaolong Wang , David F. Fouhey , Abhinav Gupta

In this work, we propose a generally applicable transformation unit for visual recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. This transformation explicitly models channel relationships with explainable control variables. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Zongxin Yang , Linchao Zhu , Yu Wu , Yi Yang

The layered structure of deep neural networks hinders the use of numerous analysis tools and thus the development of its interpretability. Inspired by the success of functional brain networks, we propose a novel framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Ben Zhang , Zhetong Dong , Junsong Zhang , Hongwei Lin

Single image super-resolution (SR) via deep learning has recently gained significant attention in the literature. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are typically learned to represent the mapping between low-resolution (LR) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Hojjat S. Mousavi , Tiantong Guo , Vishal Monga

We investigate the generalizability of deep learning based on the sensitivity to input perturbation. We hypothesize that the high sensitivity to the perturbation of data degrades the performance on it. To reduce the sensitivity to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-01 Yuichi Yoshida , Takeru Miyato

Large neural networks are typically trained for a fixed computational budget, creating a rigid trade-off between performance and efficiency that is ill-suited for deployment in resource-constrained or dynamic environments. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Paulius Rauba , Mihaela van der Schaar

Batch Normalization (BN) has proven to be an effective algorithm for deep neural network training by normalizing the input to each neuron and reducing the internal covariate shift. The space of weight vectors in the BN layer can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Minhyung Cho , Jaehyung Lee

Deep neural network architectures often consist of repetitive structural elements. We introduce an approach that reveals these patterns and can be broadly applied to the study of deep learning. Similarly to how a power strip helps untangle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-03 Donghee Lee , Hye-Sung Lee , Jaeok Yi

Skip connections and normalisation layers form two standard architectural components that are ubiquitous for the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), but whose precise roles are poorly understood. Recent approaches such as Deep Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Bobby He , James Martens , Guodong Zhang , Aleksandar Botev , Andrew Brock , Samuel L Smith , Yee Whye Teh

Exciting new work on the generalization bounds for neural networks (NN) given by Neyshabur et al. , Bartlett et al. closely depend on two parameter-depenedent quantities: the Lipschitz constant upper-bound and the stable rank (a softer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Amartya Sanyal , Philip H. S. Torr , Puneet K. Dokania

Why do large neural network generalize so well on complex tasks such as image classification or speech recognition? What exactly is the role regularization for them? These are arguably among the most important open questions in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-10 Pirmin Lemberger

This paper focuses on regularizing the training of the convolutional neural network (CNN). We propose a new regularization approach named ``PatchShuffle`` that can be adopted in any classification-oriented CNN models. It is easy to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Guoliang Kang , Xuanyi Dong , Liang Zheng , Yi Yang

There is a significant performance gap between Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) and floating point Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). We propose to improve the binary training method, by introducing a new regularization function that encourages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Sajad Darabi , Mouloud Belbahri , Matthieu Courbariaux , Vahid Partovi Nia

Our proposed deeply-supervised nets (DSN) method simultaneously minimizes classification error while making the learning process of hidden layers direct and transparent. We make an attempt to boost the classification performance by studying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-26 Chen-Yu Lee , Saining Xie , Patrick Gallagher , Zhengyou Zhang , Zhuowen Tu

The normalizing layer has become one of the basic configurations of deep learning models, but it still suffers from computational inefficiency, interpretability difficulties, and low generality. After gaining a deeper understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu

Over the past few years, Batch-Normalization has been commonly used in deep networks, allowing faster training and high performance for a wide variety of applications. However, the reasons behind its merits remained unanswered, with several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Elad Hoffer , Ron Banner , Itay Golan , Daniel Soudry

Recent years have witnessed the success of deep neural networks in dealing with a plenty of practical problems. Dropout has played an essential role in many successful deep neural networks, by inducing regularization in the model training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Guoliang Kang , Jun Li , Dacheng Tao

In the past years, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become the de-facto standard to solve tasks in communications engineering that are difficult to solve with traditional methods. In parallel, the artificial intelligence community…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-19 Eike-Manuel Bansbach , Alexander von Bank , Laurent Schmalen