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Decision trees are simple, yet powerful, classification models used to classify categorical and numerical data, and, despite their simplicity, they are commonly used in operations research and management, as well as in knowledge mining.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Andrea Brunello , Guido Sciavicco , Ionel Eduard Stan

Understanding heterogeneous multivariate time series data is important in many applications ranging from smart homes to aviation. Learning models of heterogeneous multivariate time series that are also human-interpretable is challenging and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Ole J. Mengshoel , Joshua Silbermann

There are spatio-temporal rules that dictate how robots should operate in complex environments, e.g., road rules govern how (self-driving) vehicles should behave on the road. However, seamlessly incorporating such rules into a robot control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Karen Leung , Marco Pavone

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful formal language for specifying real-time specifications of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Transforming specifications written in natural language into STL formulas automatically has attracted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yue Fang , Jin Zhi , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

To make robots accessible to a broad audience, it is critical to endow them with the ability to take universal modes of communication, like commands given in natural language, and extract a concrete desired task specification, defined using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Jiayi Pan , Glen Chou , Dmitry Berenson

Multivariate time series modeling and prediction problems are abundant in many machine learning application domains. Accurate interpretation of such prediction outcomes from a machine learning model that explicitly captures temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tryambak Gangopadhyay , Sin Yong Tan , Zhanhong Jiang , Rui Meng , Soumik Sarkar

Understanding time series data is fundamental to many real-world applications. Recent work explores multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enhance time series understanding with contextual information beyond numerical signals. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yaxuan Kong , Yiyuan Yang , Shiyu Wang , Chenghao Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Ming Jin , Stefan Zohren , Dan Pei , Yan Liu , Qingsong Wen

We study instruction following in multi-task reinforcement learning, where an agent must zero-shot execute novel tasks not seen during training. In this setting, linear temporal logic (LTL) has recently been adopted as a powerful framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mathias Jackermeier , Mattia Giuri , Jacques Cloete , Alessandro Abate

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely recognized formal specification language to express rigorous temporal requirements on mixed analog signals produced by cyber-physical systems (CPS). A relevant problem in CPS design is how to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Beatrice Melani , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

Runtime monitoring of autonomous systems traditionally relies on mapping continuous sensor observations to discrete logical propositions defined over low-dimensional state variables. This abstraction breaks down in perception-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Parv Kapoor , Abigail Hammer , Ashish Kapoor , Karen Leung , Eunsuk Kang

This paper studies the online control synthesis problem for uncertain discrete-time systems subject to signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. Different from existing techniques, this work proposes an approach based on STL, reachability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Pian Yu , Yulong Gao , Frank J. Jiang , Karl H. Johansson , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Clinical time series data are critical for patient monitoring and predictive modeling. These time series are typically multivariate and often comprise hundreds of heterogeneous features from different data sources. The grouping of features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Fedor Sergeev , Manuel Burger , Polina Leshetkina , Vincent Fortuin , Gunnar Rätsch , Rita Kuznetsova

Analyzing sequential data is crucial in many domains, particularly due to the abundance of data collected from the Internet of Things paradigm. Time series classification, the task of categorizing sequential data, has gained prominence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Venkata Ragavendra Vavilthota , Ranjith Ramanathan , Sathyanarayanan N. Aakur

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is a powerful technique that has gained popularity due to its performance improvement over traditional Single-Task Learning (STL). However, MTL is often challenging because there is an exponential number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ammar Sherif , Abubakar Abid , Mustafa Elattar , Mohamed ElHelw

Transferring high-level knowledge from a source task to a target task is an effective way to expedite reinforcement learning (RL). For example, propositional logic and first-order logic have been used as representations of such knowledge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Zhe Xu , Ufuk Topcu

Symbolic learning represents the most straightforward approach to interpretable modeling, but its applications have been hampered by a single structural design choice: the adoption of propositional logic as the underlying language.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Giovanni Pagliarini , Guido Sciavicco

We present a bounded model checking algorithm for signal temporal logic (STL) that exploits mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). A key technical element is our novel MILP encoding of the STL semantics; it follows the idea of stable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Sota Sato , Jie An , Zhenya Zhang , Ichiro Hasuo

We propose an interval extension of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) called Interval Signal Temporal Logic (\ISTL). Given an STL formula, we consider an interval inclusion function for each of its predicates. Then, we use minimal inclusion…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Luke Baird , Akash Harapanahalli , Samuel Coogan

Time series (TS) occur in many scientific and commercial applications, ranging from earth surveillance to industry automation to the smart grids. An important type of TS analysis is classification, which can, for instance, improve energy…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Patrick Schäfer , Ulf Leser

This paper describes methods for comparative evaluation of the interpretability of models of high dimensional time series data inferred by unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The time series data used in this investigation were logs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Nicholas Hoernle , Kobi Gal , Barbara Grosz , Leilah Lyons , Ada Ren , Andee Rubin