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Integrity is critical for maintaining system security, as it ensures that only genuine software is loaded onto a machine. Although confidential virtual machines (CVMs) function within isolated environments separate from the host, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Wenhao Wang , Linke Song , Benshan Mei , Shuang Liu , Shijun Zhao , Shoumeng Yan , XiaoFeng Wang , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

We aim to provide trusted time measurement mechanisms to applications and cloud infrastructure deployed in environments that could harbor potential adversaries, including the hardware infrastructure provider. Despite Trusted Execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Gabriel P. Fernandez , Andrey Brito , Christof Fetzer

Trusted executions environments (TEEs) such as Intel(R) SGX provide hardware-isolated execution areas in memory, called enclaves. By running only the most trusted application components in the enclave, TEEs enable developers to minimize the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Marcela S. Melara , Michael J. Freedman , Mic Bowman

Hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in cloud computing, forming the basis for confidential computing. However, the security goals of TEEs sometimes conflict with existing cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Ercan Ozturk , Alex Shamis , Andrew Paverd , Peter Pietzuch

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) protect sensitive code and data from the operating system, hypervisor, or other untrusted software. Different solutions exist, each proposing different features. Abstraction layers aim to unify the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Quentin Michaud , Sara Ramezanian , Dhouha Ayed , Olivier Levillain , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Trusted execution environments (TEEs) protect the integrity and confidentiality of running code and its associated data. Nevertheless, TEEs' integrity protection does not extend to the state saved on disk. Furthermore, modern cloud-native…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Ardhi Putra Pratama Hartono , Andrey Brito , Christof Fetzer

Trusted-execution environments (TEE), like Intel SGX, isolate user-space applications into secure enclaves without trusting the OS. Thus, TEEs reduce the trusted computing base, but add one to two orders of magnitude slow-down. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Zhijingcheng Yu , Shweta Shinde , Trevor E. Carlson , Prateek Saxena

During the past few years, we have witnessed various efforts to provide confidentiality and integrity for applications running in untrusted environments such as public clouds. In most of these approaches, hardware extensions such as Intel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Robert Krahn , Nikson Kanti Paul , Franz Gregor , Do Le Quoc , Andrey Brito , André Martin , Christof Fetzer

Applications running in Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) commonly use untrusted external services such as host File System. Adversaries may maliciously alter the normal service behavior to trigger subtle application bugs that would…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Meni Orenbach , Bar Raveh , Alon Berkenstadt , Yan Michalevsky , Shachar Itzhaky , Mark Silberstein

Data theft and leakage, caused by external adversaries and insiders, demonstrate the need for protecting user data. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) offer a promising solution by creating secure environments that protect data and code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kosei Akama , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Korry Luke , Masaaki Sato , Keisuke Uehara

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX and ARM TrustZone, provide isolated regions of CPU and memory for secure computation and are increasingly used to protect sensitive data and code across diverse application domains.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuqing Niu , Jieke Shi , Ruidong Han , Ye Liu , Chengyan Ma , Yunbo Lyu , David Lo

The classification service over a stream of data is becoming an important offering for cloud providers, but users may encounter obstacles in providing sensitive data due to privacy concerns. While Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Qifan Wang , Shujie Cui , Lei Zhou , Ocean Wu , Yonghua Zhu , Giovanni Russello

In recent years, we have witnessed unprecedented growth in using hardware-assisted Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) or enclaves to protect sensitive code and data on commodity devices thanks to new hardware security features, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Md Armanuzzaman , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Ziming Zhao

Large-scale systems that compute analytics over a fleet of devices must achieve high privacy and security standards while also meeting data quality, usability, and resource efficiency expectations. We present a next-generation federated…

Cloud computing is a ubiquitous solution to handle today's complex computing demands. However, it comes with data privacy concerns, as the cloud service provider has complete access to code and data running on their infrastructure. VM-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Luca Wilke , Gianluca Scopelliti

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are gradually adopted by major cloud providers, offering a practical option of \emph{confidential computing} for users who don't fully trust public clouds. TEEs use CPU-enabled hardware features to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 AKM Mubashwir Alam , Keke Chen

Confidential Computing enhances privacy of data in-use through hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) that use attestation to verify their integrity, authenticity, and certain runtime properties, along with those of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ceren Kocaoğullar , Tina Marjanov , Ivan Petrov , Ben Laurie , Al Cutter , Christoph Kern , Alice Hutchings , Alastair R. Beresford

Hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are widely deployed in mobile devices. Yet their use has been limited primarily to applications developed by the device vendors. Recent standardization of TEE interfaces by GlobalPlatform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Brian McGillion , Tanel Dettenborn , Thomas Nyman , N. Asokan

Modern computer systems tend to rely on large trusted computing bases (TCBs) for operations. To address the TCB bloating problem, hardware vendors have developed mechanisms to enable or facilitate the creation of a trusted execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Rabimba Karanjai , Lei Xu , Lin Chen , Fengwei Zhang , Zhimin Gao , Weidong Shi

In real-world scenarios, trusted execution environments (TEEs) frequently host applications that lack the trust of the infrastructure provider, as well as data owners who have specifically outsourced their data for remote processing. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jämes Ménétrey , Marcelo Pasin , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni , Giovanni Mazzeo , Arne Hollum , Darshan Vaydia