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The present paper presents a discussion of classification systems for galaxies, with special emphasis on possible modifications of the Hubble "tuning fork" diagram, and on galaxy types not included in Hubble's original scheme. Hubble's…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Sidney van den Bergh

Since Edwin Hubble introduced his famous tuning fork diagram more than 70 years ago, spiral galaxies and early-type galaxies (ETGs) have been regarded as two distinct families. The spirals are characterized by the presence of disks of stars…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-19 Michele Cappellari

(abridged) In the last decade, the advent of enormous galaxy surveys has motivated the development of automated morphological classification schemes to deal with large data volumes. Existing automated schemes can successfully distinguish…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Judy Y. Cheng , S. M. Faber , Luc Simard , Genevieve J. Graves , Eric D. Lopez , Renbin Yan , Michael C. Cooper

Classifying the morphologies of galaxies is an important step in understanding their physical properties and evolutionary histories. The advent of large-scale surveys has hastened the need to develop techniques for automated morphological…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-28 Mitchell K. Cavanagh , Kenji Bekki , Brent A. Groves

We present radial tracks for four early-type galaxies with embedded intermediate-scale discs in a modified spin-ellipticity diagram. Here, each galaxy's spin and ellipticity profiles are shown as a radial track, as opposed to a single,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-07 Sabine Bellstedt , Alister W. Graham , Duncan A. Forbes , Aaron J. Romanowsky , Jean P. Brodie , Jay Strader

Context: The Hubble tuning fork diagram has always been the preferred scheme for classification of galaxies. It is based on morphology only. At the opposite, biologists have long taken into account the genealogical relatedness of living…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Didier Fraix-Burnet , Philippe Choler , Emmanuel J. P. Douzery

This paper is the third which examines galaxy morphology from the point of view of comprehensive de Vaucouleurs revised Hubble-Sandage (CVRHS) classification, a variation on the original de Vaucouleurs classification volume that accounts…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-06-26 Ronald J. Buta

The Hubble tuning fork diagram, based on morphology and established in the 1930s, has always been the preferred scheme for classification of galaxies. However, the current large amount of multiwavelength data, most often spectra, for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-24 Didier Fraix-Burnet

The Hubble tuning fork diagram, based on morphology, has always been the preferred scheme for classification of galaxies and is still the only one originally built from historical/evolutionary relationships. At the opposite, biologists have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-27 Didier Fraix-Burnet

In a recent series of papers, supermassive black holes were used to discern pathways in galaxy evolution. By considering the black holes' coupling with their host galaxy's bulge/spheroid, the progression of mass within each component has…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-20 Alister W. Graham

The recent discovery of hidden non-axysimmetric and disk-like structures in bright Virgo dwarf elliptical and lenticular galaxies (dE/dSph/dS0) indicates that they may have late-type progenitors. Using N-body simulations we follow the…

We address the problem of morphological classification of galaxies from the Galaxy Zoo DECaLS dataset using classical machine learning techniques. Our approach employs a dimensionality reduction method followed by a classical classifier to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-23 Vasyl Semenov , Vitalii Tymchyshyn , Volodymyr Bezguba , Maksym Tsizh , Andrii Khlevniuk

The optical morphology of galaxies is strongly related to galactic environment, with the fraction of early-type galaxies increasing with local galaxy density. In this work we present the first analysis of the galaxy morphology-density…

Building on our previous work, we apply a U-Net Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework to denoise galaxy images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and enhance morphological classification. This study focuses on galaxies observed up…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-27 Sergey Mirzoyan

The morphological types of 5840 galaxies were classified by a visual inspection of color images using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) to produce a morphology catalog of a representative sample of local galaxies with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 H. B. Ann , Mira Seo , D. K. Ha

The morphological diversity of galaxies is a relevant probe of galaxy evolution and cosmological structure formation, but the classification of galaxies in large sky surveys is becoming a significant challenge. We use data from the…

Quantitative morphological classification of galaxies is important for understanding the origin of type frequency and correlations with environment. But galaxy morphological classification is still mainly done visually by dedicated…

Galaxy morphology is a key parameter in galaxy evolution studies. The enormous number of galaxies which current and future surveys will observe demand of automated methods for morphological classification. Supervised learning techniques…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-27 Helena Domínguez Sánchez , Mariangela Bernardi , Marc Huertas-Company

We investigate the morphological properties of 494 galaxies selected from the GMASS survey at z>1, primarily in their optical rest frame, using HST images, from the CANDELS survey. We propose that the Hubble sequence of galaxy morphologies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 M. Talia , A. Cimatti , M. Mignoli , L. Pozzetti , A. Renzini , J. Kurk , C. Halliday

Classification of galaxies is traditionally associated with their morphologies through visual inspection of images. The amount of data to come renders this task inhuman and Machine Learning (mainly Deep Learning) has been called to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-14 Didier Fraix-Burnet
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