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As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision-making, there has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms which can provide recourses to affected individuals. While developing such tools is important, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Kaivalya Rawal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

In this study, we critically examine the foundational premise of algorithmic recourse - a process of generating counterfactual action plans (i.e., recourses) assisting individuals to reverse adverse decisions made by AI systems. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Tomu Tominaga , Naomi Yamashita , Takeshi Kurashima

Algorithmic recourse seeks to provide individuals with actionable recommendations that increase their chances of receiving favorable outcomes from automated decision systems (e.g., loan approvals). While prior research has emphasized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marina Ceccon , Alessandro Fabris , Goran Radanović , Asia J. Biega , Gian Antonio Susto

Explaining algorithmic decisions and recommending actionable feedback is increasingly important for machine learning applications. Recently, significant efforts have been invested in finding a diverse set of recourses to cover the wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Duy Nguyen , Ngoc Bui , Viet Anh Nguyen

Counterfactuals operationalised through algorithmic recourse have become a powerful tool to make artificial intelligence systems explainable. Conceptually, given an individual classified as y -- the factual -- we seek actions such that…

While machine learning and ranking-based systems are in widespread use for sensitive decision-making processes (e.g., determining job candidates, assigning credit scores), they are rife with concerns over unintended biases in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Aparajita Haldar , Teddy Cunningham , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as legal and financial decision-making, there has been growing interest in post-hoc methods for generating counterfactual explanations. Such explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Alexis Ross , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Osbert Bastani

In decision-making systems, algorithmic recourse aims to identify minimal-cost actions to alter an individual features, thereby obtaining a desired outcome. This empowers individuals to understand, question, or alter decisions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Wen-Ling Chen , Hong-Chang Huang , Kai-Hung Lin , Shang-Wei Hwang , Hao-Tsung Yang

Due to the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of high-stakes decisions, such as loan approval, job hiring, and criminal bail, researchers in Explainable AI (XAI) have developed algorithms to provide users with recourse…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Matthew Olckers , Toby Walsh

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

Recommender systems play an essential role in the choices people make in domains such as entertainment, shopping, food, news, employment, and education. The machine learning models underlying these recommender systems are often enormously…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sahil Verma , Ashudeep Singh , Varich Boonsanong , John P. Dickerson , Chirag Shah

Machine learning models now influence decisions that directly affect people's lives, making it important to understand not only their predictions, but also how individuals could act to obtain better results. Algorithmic recourse provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bohdan Turbal , Iryna Voitsitska , Lesia Semenova

People are rated and ranked, towards algorithmic decision making in an increasing number of applications, typically based on machine learning. Research on how to incorporate fairness into such tasks has prevalently pursued the paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi , Gerhard Weikum

Algorithmic recourse explanations inform stakeholders on how to act to revert unfavorable predictions. However, in general ML models do not predict well in interventional distributions. Thus, an action that changes the prediction in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-19 Gunnar König , Timo Freiesleben , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

Machine learning algorithms are now frequently used in sensitive contexts that substantially affect the course of human lives, such as credit lending or criminal justice. This is driven by the idea that `objective' machines base their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Songül Tolan

As machine learning continues to gain prominence, transparency and explainability are increasingly critical. Without an understanding of these models, they can replicate and worsen human bias, adversely affecting marginalized communities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Dongwhi Kim , Nuno Moniz

As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions in real-world settings, it becomes critical to ensure that individuals who are adversely impacted (e.g., loan denied) by the predictions of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Martin Pawelczyk , Teresa Datta , Johannes van-den-Heuvel , Gjergji Kasneci , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Ensuring fairness of machine learning systems is a human-in-the-loop process. It relies on developers, users, and the general public to identify fairness problems and make improvements. To facilitate the process we need effective, unbiased,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jonathan Dodge , Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Rachel K. E. Bellamy , Casey Dugan

Individuals often aim to reverse undesired outcomes in interactions with automated systems, like loan denials, by either implementing system-recommended actions (recourse), or manipulating their features. While providing recourse benefits…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yatong Chen , Andrew Estornell , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yang Liu

Recourse provides individuals who received undesirable labels (e.g., denied a loan) from algorithmic decision-making systems with a minimum-cost improvement suggestion to achieve the desired outcome. However, in practice, models often get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Phone Kyaw , Kshitij Kayastha , Shahin Jabbari