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This paper proposes a protocol for Proof of Assets of a bitcoin exchange using the Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (ZK-SNARK) without revealing either the bitcoin addresses of the exchange or balances…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-14 B Swaroopa Reddy

The application of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) in autonomous systems is an emerging area of research, motivated by the growing need for regulatory compliance, transparent auditing, and trustworthy operation in decentralized environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Munawar Hasan , Apostol Vassilev , Edward Griffor , Thoshitha Gamage

A Zero-Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) allows one party to convince another party of a fact without disclosing any extra knowledge except the validity of the fact. For example, it could be used to allow a customer to prove their identity to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Claude Crépeau , John Stuart

Digital credentials represent crucial elements of digital identity on the Internet. Credentials should have specific properties that allow them to achieve privacy-preserving capabilities. One of these properties is selective disclosure,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Šeila Bećirović Ramić , Irfan Prazina , Damir Pozderac , Razija Turčinhodžić Mulahasanović , Saša Mrdović

In decentralized web applications, users face an inherent conflict between public verifiability and personal privacy. To participate in regulated on-chain services, users must currently disclose sensitive identity documents to centralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Supriya Khadka , Sanchari Das

Many companies use identity information for different goals. There are a lot of marketplaces for identity information. These markets have some practical issues such as privacy, mutual trust and fairing exchange. The management of identity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mohsen Rahnamaei , Saeid Tousi Saeidi , Siavash Khorsandi , Mehdi Shajari

We introduce Zero-Knowledge Location Privacy (ZKLP), enabling users to prove to third parties that they are within a specified geographical region while not disclosing their exact location. ZKLP supports varying levels of granularity,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jens Ernstberger , Chengru Zhang , Luca Ciprian , Philipp Jovanovic , Sebastian Steinhorst

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are a cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to demonstrate knowledge of a secret value to a verifier without revealing anything about the secret itself. ZKPs have shown to be an extremely powerful tool,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nojan Sheybani , Anees Ahmed , Michel Kinsy , Farinaz Koushanfar

A non-interactive ZK (NIZK) proof enables verification of NP statements without revealing secrets about them. However, an adversary that obtains a NIZK proof may be able to clone this proof and distribute arbitrarily many copies of it to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Ruta Jawale , Dakshita Khurana

Individuals are encouraged to prove their eligibility to access specific services regularly. However, providing various organizations with personal data spreads sensitive information and endangers people's privacy. Hence, privacy-preserving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Mina Namazi , Duncan Ross , Xiaojie Zhu , Erman Ayday

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have evolved from being a theoretical concept providing privacy and verifiability to having practical, real-world implementations, with SNARKs (Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) emerging as one of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Stefanos Chaliasos , Jens Ernstberger , David Theodore , David Wong , Mohammad Jahanara , Benjamin Livshits

Traditional centralized scholarship evaluation processes typically require students to submit detailed academic records and qualification information, which exposes them to risks of data leakage and misuse, making it difficult to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yi Chen , Bin Chen , Peichang Zhang , Da Che

In the current digital landscape, supply chains have transformed into complex networks driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), necessitating enhanced data sharing and processing capabilities to ensure traceability and transparency.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Amir Jabbari , Gowri Ramachandran , Sidra Malik , Raja Jurdak

Interoperability is one of the main challenges of blockchain technologies, which are generally designed as self-contained systems. Interoperability schemes for privacy-focused blockchains are particularly hard to design: they must integrate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Aleixo Sanchez , Alistair Stewart , Fatemeh Shirazi

This paper explores how zero-knowledge proofs can enhance Bitcoin's functionality and privacy. First, we consider Proof-of-Reserve schemes: by using zk-STARKs, a custodian can prove its Bitcoin holdings are more than a predefined threshold…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yusuf Ozmiş

Tax returns contain key financial information of interest to third parties: public officials are asked to share financial data for transparency, companies seek to assess the financial status of business partners, and individuals need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Alex Berke , Tobin South , Robert Mahari , Kent Larson , Alex Pentland

For many users, a private key based wallet serves as the primary entry point to blockchains. Commonly recommended wallet authentication methods, such as mnemonics or hardware wallets, can be cumbersome. This difficulty in user onboarding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Foteini Baldimtsi , Konstantinos Kryptos Chalkias , Yan Ji , Jonas Lindstrøm , Deepak Maram , Ben Riva , Arnab Roy , Mahdi Sedaghat , Joy Wang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, have led to widespread adoption across various applications. Yet, a fundamental challenge persists: how can we verify the correctness of AI model inference when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yunxiao Wang

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have a significant climate impact, and data centres account for a large proportion of the carbon emissions from ICT. To achieve sustainability goals, it is important that all parties involved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jessica Man , Sadiq Jaffer , Patrick Ferris , Martin Kleppmann , Anil Madhavapeddy

With the advent of big data and the birth of the data markets that sell personal information, individuals' privacy is of utmost importance. The classical response is anonymization, i.e., sanitizing the information that can directly or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Nikhil Jha , Thomas Favale , Luca Vassio , Martino Trevisan , Marco Mellia