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A tidal disruption event (TDE) ensues when a star passes too close to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a galactic center and is ripped apart by the tidal field of the SMBH. The gaseous debris produced in a TDE can power a bright…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-20 Nicholas C. Stone , Michael Kesden , Roseanne M. Cheng , Sjoert van Velzen

Stars in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can be ripped apart by the tidal forces of the black hole. The subsequent accretion of the stellar material causes a spectacular flare of electromagnetic radiation. Here,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-06 S. Komossa

Stars that orbit too close to a black hole can be ripped apart by strong tides, producing a type of luminous transient event called a ``tidal disruption event" (TDE). Tidal disruption events of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-20 Brenna Mockler , Erica Hammerstein , Eric R. Coughlin , Matt Nicholl

The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is a highly energetic event with consequences dependent on the degree to which the star plunges inside the SMBH's tidal sphere. We introduce a new analytic model for tidal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Nicholas Stone , Re'em Sari , Abraham Loeb

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs), made up of a dense concentrations of stars and the compact objects they leave behind, are ubiquitous in the central regions of galaxies, surrounding the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Close…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-28 Taeho Ryu , Rosalba Perna , Matteo Cantiello

The tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole (MBH) is thought to produce a transient luminous event. Such tidal disruption events (TDEs) may play an important role in the detection and characterization of MBHs and probe the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-08 Danor Aharon , Alessandra Mastrobuono Battisti , Hagai B. Perets

Stars passing too close to a super massive black hole (SMBH) can produce tidal disruption events (TDEs). Since the resulting stellar debris can produce an electromagnetic flare, TDEs are believed to probe the presence of single SMBHs in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-21 Giacomo Fragione , Nathan Leigh

We discuss a possibility that a tidal disruption event near a dormant supermassive black hole (SMBH) can give rise to spectral features of iron in 6-7 keV X-ray signal: a relativistic line profile emerges from debris illuminated and ionised…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 V. Karas , M. Dovciak , D. Kunneriath , W. Yu , W. Zhang

The concept of stars being tidally ripped apart and consumed by a massive black hole (MBH) lurking in the center of a galaxy first captivated theorists in the late 1970's. The observational evidence for these rare but illuminating phenomena…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-15 Suvi Gezari

This article provides a summary of XMM-Newton highlights on stellar tidal disruption events. First found with ROSAT, ongoing and upcoming sky surveys will detect these events in the 1000s. In X- rays, tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 S. Komossa

The process of tidal disruption of stars by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) provides luminous UV and soft X-ray flares with peak luminosities of $\approx 10^{46}$ ergs/sec and duration of a few months. As part of a wider exploration of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-17 Andrea Sacchi , Giuseppe Lodato

In a dense stellar environment, such as the core of a globular cluster (GC), dynamical interactions with black holes (BHs) are expected to lead to a variety of astrophysical transients. Here we explore tidal disruption events (TDEs) of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Kyle Kremer , Wenbin Lu , Carl L. Rodriguez , Mitchell Lachat , Frederic Rasio

A star wandering too close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) will be tidally disrupted. Previous studies of such "tidal disruption event" (TDE) mostly focus on the stellar debris that are bound to the system, because they give rise to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-09 Xian Chen , Germán Gómez-Vargas , James Guillochon

Dense stellar clusters surround the supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galactic nuclei. Interactions within the cluster can alter the stellar orbits, occasionally driving a star into the SMBH's tidal radius where it becomes ruptured, or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-06 Sanaea C. Rose , Brenna Mockler

Once per 10,000-100,000 years, an unlucky star may experience a close encounter with a supermassive black hole (SMBH), partially or fully tearing apart the star in an exceedingly brief, bright interaction called a tidal disruption event…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-07 Rewa Clark Bush , Samantha C. Wu , Rosa Wallace Everson , Ricardo Yarza , Ariadna Murguia-Berthier , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

During the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole (BH) of mass MBH <~ 10^7 Msun, stellar debris falls back to the BH at a rate well above the Eddington rate. A fraction of this gas is subsequently blown away from the BH,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Linda E. Strubbe , Eliot Quataert

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are among the brightest transients in the optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray sky. These flares are set into motion when a star is torn apart by the tidal field of a massive black hole, triggering a chain of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Elena M. Rossi , Nicholas C. Stone , Jamie A. P. Law-Smith , Morgan MacLeod , Giuseppe Lodato , Jane L. Dai , Ilya Mandel

Radio observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) probe material ejected by the disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs), uniquely tracing the formation and evolution of jets and outflows, revealing details of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-08 Kate D. Alexander , Sjoert van Velzen , Assaf Horesh , B. Ashley Zauderer

We argue that the `changing look' AGN recently reported by LaMassa et al. could be a luminous flare produced by the tidal disruption of a super-solar mass star passing just a few gravitational radii outside the event horizon of a $\sim 10^8…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 A. Merloni , T. Dwelly , M. Salvato , A. Georgakakis , J. Greiner , M. Krumpe , K. Nandra , G. Ponti , A. Rau

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) destroys a star. For TDEs in which the star enters deep within the tidal radius, such that the ratio of the tidal radius to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-16 Suman Kumar Kundu , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon
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