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Annotation graphs and annotation servers offer infrastructure to support the analysis of human language resources in the form of time-series data such as text, audio and video. This paper outlines areas of common need among empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Christopher Cieri , Steven Bird

Accurate ground truth estimation in medical screening programs often relies on coalitions of experts and peer second opinions. Algorithms that efficiently aggregate noisy annotations can enhance screening workflows, particularly when data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tim Bary , Tiffanie Godelaine , Axel Abels , Benoît Macq

Accurately labeling (or annotation) data is still a bottleneck in computer vision, especially for large-scale tasks where manual labeling is time-consuming and error-prone. While tools like LabelImg can handle the labeling task, some of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jerry Lin , Partick P. W. Chen

Despite rapid developments in the field of machine learning research, collecting high-quality labels for supervised learning remains a bottleneck for many applications. This difficulty is exacerbated by the fact that state-of-the-art models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Dongjin Choi , Sara Evensen , Çağatay Demiralp , Estevam Hruschka

PanGEA, the Panoramic Graph Environment Annotation toolkit, is a lightweight toolkit for collecting speech and text annotations in photo-realistic 3D environments. PanGEA immerses annotators in a web-based simulation and allows them to move…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Alexander Ku , Peter Anderson , Jordi Pont-Tuset , Jason Baldridge

Large Language Models have recently been applied to text annotation tasks from social sciences, equalling or surpassing the performance of human workers at a fraction of the cost. However, no inquiry has yet been made on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Louis Abraham , Charles Arnal , Antoine Marie

Despite its scientific, political, and practical value, comprehensive information about human languages, in all their variety and complexity, is not readily obtainable and searchable. One reason is that many language data are collected as…

An annotation consists of a portion of information that is associated with a piece of content in order to explain something about the content or to add more information. The use of annotations as a tool in the educational field has positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Joaquín Gayoso-Cabada , Antonio Sarasa-Cabezuelo , José-Luis Sierra

Spade is a new open source hardware description language (HDL) designed to increase developer productivity without sacrificing the low-level control offered by HDLs. It is a standalone language which takes inspiration from modern software…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Frans Skarman , Oscar Gustafsson

The labels used to train machine learning (ML) models are of paramount importance. Typically for ML classification tasks, datasets contain hard labels, yet learning using soft labels has been shown to yield benefits for model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Katherine M. Collins , Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller

This paper presents a framework for semi-automatic transcription of large-scale historical handwritten documents and proposes a simple user-friendly text extractor tool, TexT for transcription. The proposed approach provides a quick and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Anders Hast , Per Cullhed , Ekta Vats

Technology acceptance models effectively predict how users will adopt new technology products. Traditional surveys, often expensive and cumbersome, are commonly used for this assessment. As an alternative to surveys, we explore the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Pawel Robert Smolinski , Joseph Januszewicz , Jacek Winiarski

The Transformer has quickly become the dominant architecture for various pattern recognition tasks due to its capacity for long-range representation. However, transformers are data-hungry models and need large datasets for training. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Marwa Dhiaf , Ahmed Cheikh Rouhou , Yousri Kessentini , Sinda Ben Salem

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann

Data annotation remains a significant bottleneck in the Humanities and Social Sciences, particularly for complex semantic tasks such as metaphor identification. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, a significant gap remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Bingru Li

Note-taking is a critical practice for capturing, organizing, and reflecting on information in both academic and professional settings. The recent success of large language models has accelerated the development of AI-assisted tools, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Josh Wisoff , Yao Tang , Zhengyu Fang , Jordan Guzman , YuTang Wang , Alex Yu

Data is the engine of modern computer vision, which necessitates collecting large-scale datasets. This is expensive, and guaranteeing the quality of the labels is a major challenge. In this paper, we investigate efficient annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yuan-Hong Liao , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Given a patent document, identifying distinct semantic annotations is an interesting research aspect. Text annotation helps the patent practitioners such as examiners and patent attorneys to quickly identify the key arguments of any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Renukswamy Chikkamath , Vishvapalsinhji Ramsinh Parmar , Christoph Hewel , Markus Endres

This paper studies the performance of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) in text classification tasks typical for political science research. By examining tasks like stance, topic, and relevance classification, we aim to guide…

Large language models (e.g., GPT-4) are uniquely capable of producing highly rated text simplification, yet current human evaluation methods fail to provide a clear understanding of systems' specific strengths and weaknesses. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 David Heineman , Yao Dou , Mounica Maddela , Wei Xu