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The quantum stabilizer formalism became foundational for understanding error correction soon after the realization of the first useful quantum error correction codes. Stabilizers provide a way to describe sets of quantum states which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Sean Garner , Chenxu Liu , Meng Wang , Samuel Stein , Ang Li

Graph state verification protocols allow multiple parties to share a graph state while checking that the state is honestly prepared, even in the presence of malicious parties. Since graph states are the starting point of numerous quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Léo Colisson , Damian Markham , Raja Yehia

Verifying quantum states is central to certifying the correct operation of various quantum information processing tasks. In particular, in measurement-based quantum computing, checking whether correct graph states are generated is essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Yuki Takeuchi , Atul Mantri , Tomoyuki Morimae , Akihiro Mizutani , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Graph states are an important class of multipartite entangled quantum states. We propose a new approach for distributing graph states across a quantum network. We consider a quantum network consisting of nodes-quantum computers within which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alex Fischer , Don Towsley

Several entanglement measures are used to define equivalence classes in the set of hypergraph states of three qubits. Our classifications reveal that (i) under local unitary transformations, hypergraph states of three qubits are split into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 Ri Qu , Zong-shang Li , Juan Wang , Yan-ru Bao

The instantaneous quantum polynomial time model (or the IQP model) is one of promising models to demonstrate a quantum computational advantage over classical computers. If the IQP model can be efficiently simulated by a classical computer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi , Yuki Takeuchi

Graph and hypergraph states are important resource states for realizing universal quantum computation and diverse non-local physical phenomena. However, noise learning in such states is challenging due to their large entanglement and magic.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Guedong Park , Jinzhao Sun , Hyunseok Jeong

In this article we investigate the possibility of encoding classical information onto multipartite quantum states in the distant laboratory framework. We show that for all states generated by Clifford operation there always exist such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Yu Tanaka , Damian Markham , Mio Murao

Graph states are a powerful class of entangled states with numerous applications in quantum communication and quantum computation. Local Clifford (LC) operations that map one graph state to another can alter the structure of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hemant Sharma , Kenneth Goodenough , Johannes Borregaard , Filip Rozpędek , Jonas Helsen

One of the primary objectives in the field of quantum state learning is to develop algorithms that are time-efficient for learning states generated from quantum circuits. Earlier investigations have demonstrated time-efficient algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Nai-Hui Chia , Ching-Yi Lai , Han-Hsuan Lin

The main purpose of thispaper is to show that composite quantum-like (QL) systems can closely mimic the separable states of quantum systems, and that suitable physical systems exhibiting these states exist. It is shown that QL graphs can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Gregory D. Scholes

We establish the connection between a recent new construction technique for quantum error correcting codes, based on graphs, and the so-called stabilizer codes: Each stabilizer code can be realized as a graph code and vice versa.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Schlingemann

We address the question of quantifying entanglement in pure graph states. Evaluation of multipartite entanglement measures is extremely hard for most pure quantum states. In this paper we demonstrate how solving one problem in graph theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-04 Michal Hajdušek , Mio Murao

We study the relation between local unitary (LU) equivalence and local Clifford (LC) equivalence of stabilizer states. We introduce a large subclass of stabilizer states, such that every two LU equivalent states in this class are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Van den Nest , J. Dehaene , B. De Moor

It was once conjectured that two graph states are local unitary (LU) equivalent if and only if they are local Clifford (LC) equivalent. This so-called LU-LC conjecture was disproved in 2007, as a pair of 27-qubit graph states that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Nathan Claudet

Ionicioiu and Spiller [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062313 (2012)] have recently presented an axiomatic framework for mapping graphs to quantum states of a suitable physical system. Based on their study, we first extend the axiomatic framework to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-21 Ri Qu , Juan Wang , Zong-shang Li , Yan-ru Bao

In this paper, we show that a qutrit version of ZX-calculus, with rules significantly different from that of the qubit version, is complete for pure qutrit stabilizer quantum mechanics, where state preparations and measurements are based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 Quanlong Wang

Multi-qubit quantum states corresponding to bipartite graphs $G(U,V,E)$ are examined. These states are constructed by applying $CNOT$ gates to an arbitrary separable multi-qubit quantum state. The entanglement distance of the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Kh. P. Gnatenko

Three new graph invariants are introduced which may be measured from a quantum graph state and form examples of a framework under which other graph invariants can be constructed. Each invariant is based on distinguishing a different number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 P. W. Mills , R. P. Rundle , J. H. Samson , Simon J. Devitt , Todd Tilma , V. M. Dwyer , Mark J. Everitt

Using the signed laplacian matrix, and weighted and hybrid graphs, we present additional ways to interpret graphs as grid states. Hybrid graphs offer the most general interpretation. Existing graphical methods that characterize entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Biswash Ghimire , Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß