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Schmidt decomposition is a powerful tool in quantum information. While Schmidt decomposition is universal for bipartite states, its not for multipartite states. In this article, we review properties of bipartite Schmidt decompositions and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-15 Mithilesh Kumar

The Schmidt decomposition is an important tool in the study of quantum systems especially for the quantification of the entanglement of pure states. However, the Schmidt decomposition is only unique for bipartite pure states, and some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-04 Mark S. Byrd , Gavin K. Brennen

Quantum states can be written in infinitely many ways depending on the choices of basis. Schmidt decomposition of a quantum state has a lot of properties useful in the study of entanglement. All bipartite states admit Schmidt decomposition,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Mithilesh Kumar

In quantum information theory, the Schmidt rank is a fundamental measure for the entanglement dimension of a pure bipartite state. Its natural definition uses the Schmidt decomposition of vectors on bipartite Hilbert spaces, which does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Lauritz van Luijk , René Schwonnek , Alexander Stottmeister , Reinhard F. Werner

We present Schmidt decomposition formulas for mutually orthogonal two-qubit pure states and classify orthonormal sets based on their entanglement structure. First, we derive explicit Schmidt decomposition formulas for any pure state and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Yonghae Lee , Youngho Min , Sunghyun Bae , Youngrong Lim

For any bipartite quantum system the Schmidt decomposition allows us to express the state vector in terms of a single sum instead of double sums. We show the existence of the Schmidt decomposition for tripartite system under certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Arun K. Pati

Inspired by the `computable cross norm' or `realignment' criterion, we propose a new point of view about the characterization of the states of bipartite quantum systems. We consider a Schmidt decomposition of a bipartite density operator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 Cosmo Lupo , Paolo Aniello , Antonello Scardicchio

The Schmidt number is of crucial importance in characterizing the bipartite pure states. We explore and propose here a generalization of Schmidt number for states in multipartite systems. It is shown to be entanglement monotonic and valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 Yu Guo , Heng Fan

The Schmidt number is a fundamental parameter characterizing the properties of quantum states, and the local projections are a fundamental operation in quantum physics. We investigate the relation between the Schmidt numbers of bipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-19 Lin Chen , Yu Yang , Wai-shing Tang

The well-known Schmidt decomposition, or equivalently, the complex singular value decomposition, states that a pure quantum state of a bipartite system can always be brought into a "diagonal" form using local unitary transformations. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Emanuel Malvetti

Efficient verification of multipartite quantum states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. By virtue of Schmidt decomposition and mutually unbiased bases, here we propose a universal protocol to verify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yunting Li , Huangjun Zhu

The bipartite entanglement of a pure quantum state is known to be characterized by its Schmidt decomposition. In particular the state is maximally entangled when all the Schmidt coefficients are equal. We point out a convenient method which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-09 M. Bhattacharya

Entanglement between three or more parties exhibits a realm of properties unknown to two-party states. Bipartite states are easily classified using the Schmidt decomposition. The Schmidt coefficients of a bipartite pure state encompass all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Julia Kempe

Our previous work about algebraic-geometric invariants of the mixed states are extended and a stronger separability criterion is given. We also show that the Schmidt number of pure states in bipartite quantum systems, a classical concept,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hao Chen

The operator Schmidt rank is the minimum number of terms required to express a state as a sum of elementary tensor factors. Here we provide a new proof of the fact that any bipartite mixed state with operator Schmidt rank two is separable,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Gemma De las Cuevas , Tom Drescher , Tim Netzer

We find a canonical form for pure states of a general multipartite system, in which the constraints on the coordinates (with respect to a factorisable orthonormal basis) are simply that certain ones vanish and certain others are real. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 H. A. Carteret , A. Higuchi , A. Sudbery

Summary. A simple derivation of finite Schmidt decomposition of pure states describing finite dimensional systems interacting with the infinite dimensional ones is presented. In particular, maximally entangled pure states in such systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Roman Gielerak

It is shown that for each mixed state there exists a Schmidt (super state vector) decomposition in terms of Hermitian operators. Its utilization for finding all twins is illustrated in full detail in the case of the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Herbut

We study exact local compression of a quantum bipartite state; that is, applying local quantum operations to reduce the dimensions of the Hilbert spaces while perfectly preserving the correlation. We provide a closed-form expression for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Kohtaro Kato

We describe an algorithm for converting one bipartite quantum state into another using only local operations and classical communication, which is much simpler than the original algorithm given by Nielsen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 436 (1999)].…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Jens G Jensen , Ruediger Schack
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