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In this work, we present and analyze reported failures of artificially intelligent systems and extrapolate our analysis to future AIs. We suggest that both the frequency and the seriousness of future AI failures will steadily increase. AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Roman V. Yampolskiy , M. S. Spellchecker

Complex systems fail. I argue that failures can be a blueprint characterizing living organisms and biological intelligence, a control mechanism to increase complexity in evolutionary simulations, and an alternative to classical fitness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Lana Sinapayen

Instances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems failing to deliver consistent, satisfactory performance are legion. We investigate why AI failures occur. We address only a narrow subset of the broader field of AI Safety. We focus on AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Debarag Narayan Banerjee , Sasanka Sekhar Chanda

Artificial intelligence develops techniques and systems whose performance must be evaluated on a regular basis in order to certify and foster progress in the discipline. We will describe and critically assess the different ways AI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to its integration into various areas, especially with Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly enhancing capabilities in Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Guangba Yu , Gou Tan , Haojia Huang , Zhenyu Zhang , Pengfei Chen , Roberto Natella , Zibin Zheng

Mature industrial sectors (e.g., aviation) collect their real world failures in incident databases to inform safety improvements. Intelligent systems currently cause real world harms without a collective memory of their failings. As a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Sean McGregor

With the growing capabilities of intelligent systems, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots in everyday life is increasing. However, when interacting in such complex human environments, the failure of intelligent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Devleena Das , Siddhartha Banerjee , Sonia Chernova

In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jens Braband , Hendrik Schäbe

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a history of nearly a century from its inception to the present day. We have summarized the development trends and discovered universal rules, including both success and failure. We have analyzed the reasons…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Lin Zhang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has burrowed into our lives in various aspects; however, without appropriate testing, deployed AI systems are often being criticized to fail in critical and embarrassing cases. Existing testing approaches mainly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Siwei Fu , Anbang Xu , Xiaotong Liu , Huimin Zhou , Rama Akkiraju

As AI systems appear to exhibit ever-increasing capability and generality, assessing their true potential and safety becomes paramount. This paper contends that the prevalent evaluation methods for these systems are fundamentally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 John Burden

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are transforming critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making processes. However, their deployment in high-stakes domains has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Diego Russo , Gian Marco Orlando , Valerio La Gatta , Vincenzo Moscato

Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning is a flourishing research and development discipline that provides powerful tools for searching a course of action that achieves some user goal. While these planning tools show excellent performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Sebastian Graef , Ilche Georgievski

As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Heather M. Williams , Roman V. Yampolskiy

This document describes strategies for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict some journal article scores in future research assessment exercises. Five strategies have been assessed.

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mike Thelwall , Kayvan Kousha , Mahshid Abdoli , Emma Stuart , Meiko Makita , Paul Wilson , Jonathan Levitt

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly employed to enhance assistive technologies, yet it can fail in various ways. We conducted a systematic literature review of research into AI-based assistive technology for persons with visual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Zahra Ahmadi , Peter R. Lewis , Mahadeo A. Sukhai

Assessment of classification techniques on predicting success or failure of Software reusability

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Nahid Hajizadeh , Manijeh Keshtgari , Marzieh Ahmadzadeh

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has raised major privacy and ethical concerns. However, existing AI incident taxonomies and guidelines lack grounding in real-world cases, limiting their effectiveness for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hilda Hadan , Reza Hadi Mogavi , Leah Zhang-Kennedy , Lennart E. Nacke

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

Artificial intelligence (AI) classifiers can be used to classify unknowns, refine existing classification parameters, and identify/screen out ineffectual parameters. We present an AI methodology for classifying new gamma-ray bursts, along…

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