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Transformer is the state-of-the-art model for many natural language processing, computer vision, and audio analysis problems. Transformer effectively combines information from the past input and output samples in auto-regressive manner so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

Generative models have long been the dominant approach for speech recognition. The success of these models however relies on the use of sophisticated recipes and complicated machinery that is not easily accessible to non-practitioners.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Chung-Cheng Chiu , Dieterich Lawson , Yuping Luo , George Tucker , Kevin Swersky , Ilya Sutskever , Navdeep Jaitly

Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) models have witnessed a notable success in generating natural conversational exchanges. Notwithstanding the syntactically well-formed responses generated by these neural network models, they are prone to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Nouha Dziri , Ehsan Kamalloo , Kory W. Mathewson , Osmar Zaiane

We investigate training end-to-end speech recognition models with the recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T): a streaming, all-neural, sequence-to-sequence architecture which jointly learns acoustic and language model components from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Kanishka Rao , Haşim Sak , Rohit Prabhavalkar

End-to-end task-oriented dialog systems usually suffer from the challenge of incorporating knowledge bases. In this paper, we propose a novel yet simple end-to-end differentiable model called memory-to-sequence (Mem2Seq) to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

The vanilla sequence-to-sequence learning (seq2seq) reads and encodes a source sequence into a fixed-length vector only once, suffering from its insufficiency in modeling structural correspondence between the source and target sequence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Biao Zhang , Deyi Xiong , Jinsong Su

Recently, fully recurrent neural network (RNN) based end-to-end models have been proven to be effective for multi-speaker speech recognition in both the single-channel and multi-channel scenarios. In this work, we explore the use of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Xuankai Chang , Wangyou Zhang , Yanmin Qian , Jonathan Le Roux , Shinji Watanabe

Encoder-decoder models have become an effective approach for sequence learning tasks like machine translation, image captioning and speech recognition, but have yet to show competitive results for handwritten text recognition. To this end,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Johannes Michael , Roger Labahn , Tobias Grüning , Jochen Zöllner

Attention-based sequence-to-sequence modeling provides a powerful and elegant solution for applications that need to map one sequence to a different sequence. Its success heavily relies on the availability of large amounts of training data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Yun Tang , Juan Pino , Changhan Wang , Xutai Ma , Dmitriy Genzel

Neural network based end-to-end text to speech (TTS) has significantly improved the quality of synthesized speech. Prominent methods (e.g., Tacotron 2) usually first generate mel-spectrogram from text, and then synthesize speech from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Yi Ren , Yangjun Ruan , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have long been the dominant architecture in sequence-to-sequence learning. RNNs, however, are inherently sequential models that do not allow parallelization of their computations. Transformers are emerging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Mirko Bronzi , Jianyuan Zhong

In this work, we develop new self-learning techniques with an attention-based sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). For untranscribed speech data, the hypothesis from an ASR system must be used as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Kenichi Kumatani , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yashesh Gaur , Robert Gmyr , Sefik Emre Eskimez , Jinyu Li , Michael Zeng

Identifying multiple speakers without knowing where a speaker's voice is in a recording is a challenging task. This paper proposes a hierarchical network with transformer encoders and memory mechanism to address this problem. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yanpei Shi , Mingjie Chen , Qiang Huang , Thomas Hain

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are effective models for reducing spectral variations and modeling spectral correlations in acoustic features for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Hybrid speech recognition systems incorporating CNNs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Ying Zhang , Mohammad Pezeshki , Philemon Brakel , Saizheng Zhang , Cesar Laurent Yoshua Bengio , Aaron Courville

A sequence-to-sequence model is a neural network module for mapping two sequences of different lengths. The sequence-to-sequence model has three core modules: encoder, decoder, and attention. Attention is the bridge that connects the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura

We propose a novel neural speaker diarization system using memory-aware multi-speaker embedding with sequence-to-sequence architecture (NSD-MS2S), which integrates the strengths of memory-aware multi-speaker embedding (MA-MSE) and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Gaobin Yang , Maokui He , Shutong Niu , Ruoyu Wang , Yanyan Yue , Shuangqing Qian , Shilong Wu , Jun Du , Chin-Hui Lee

We introduce a dialogue policy based on a transformer architecture, where the self-attention mechanism operates over the sequence of dialogue turns. Recent work has used hierarchical recurrent neural networks to encode multiple utterances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Vladimir Vlasov , Johannes E. M. Mosig , Alan Nichol

For supervised speech enhancement, contextual information is important for accurate spectral mapping. However, commonly used deep neural networks (DNNs) are limited in capturing temporal contexts. To leverage long-term contexts for tracking…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-13 Xinmeng Xu , Jianjun Hao

Text-to-speech conversion has traditionally been performed either by concatenating short samples of speech or by using rule-based systems to convert a phonetic representation of speech into an acoustic representation, which is then…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Orhan Karaali , Gerald Corrigan , Ira Gerson

Text normalization, or the process of transforming text into a consistent, canonical form, is crucial for speech applications such as text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). In TTS, the system must decide whether to verbalize "1995" as "nineteen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Jae Hun Ro , Felix Stahlberg , Ke Wu , Shankar Kumar