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Offline runtime verification involves the static analysis of executions of a system against a specification. For distributed systems, it is generally not possible to characterize executions in the form of global traces, given the absence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer

Remote run-time attestation methods, including Control Flow Attestation (CFA) and Data Flow Attestation (DFA), have been proposed to generate precise evidence of execution's control flow path (in CFA) and optionally execution data inputs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Adam Caulfield , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

Runtime verification is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications. Typically, the two main activities in runtime verification efforts are the process of creating monitors…

Interactions are formal models describing asynchronous communications within a Distributed System (DS). They can be drawn in the fashion of sequence diagrams and executed thanks to an operational semantics akin to that of process algebras.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

Runtime verification is an effective automated method for specification-based offline testing and analysis as well as online monitoring of complex systems. The specification language is often a variant of regular expressions or a popular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Ramy Medhat , Yogi Joshi , Borzoo Bonakdarpour , Sebastian Fischmeister

Runtime Verification is a lightweight formal verification technique. It is used to verify at runtime whether the system under analysis behaves as expected. The expected behaviour is usually formally specified by means of properties, which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Angelo Ferrando , Rafael C. Cardoso

Detecting and resolving violations of temporal constraints in real-time systems is both, time-consuming and resource-intensive, particularly in complex software environments. Measurement-based approaches are widely used during development,…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Benno Bielmeier , Ralf Ramsauer , Takahiro Yoshida , Wolfgang Mauerer

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) designed in simulators behave differently in the real-world. Once they are deployed in the real-world, we would hence like to predict system failures during runtime. We propose robust predictive runtime…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Yiqi Zhao , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Lars Lindemann

In runtime verification, the central problem is to decide if a given program execution violates a given property. In online runtime verification, a monitor observes a program's execution as it happens. If the program being observed has hard…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Radu Grigore , Stefan Kiefer

This report presents the activities of the first working group of the COST Action ArVI, Runtime Verification beyond Monitoring. The report aims to provide an overview of some of the major core aspects involved in Runtime Verification.…

To accurately make adaptation decisions, a self-adaptive system needs precise means to analyze itself at runtime. To this end, runtime verification can be used in the feedback loop to check that the managed system satisfies its requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Marc Carwehl , Thomas Vogel , Genaína Nunes Rodrigues , Lars Grunske

We address the safety verification and synthesis problems for real-time systems. We introduce real-time programs that are made of instructions that can perform assignments to discrete and real-valued variables. They are general enough to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Franck Cassez , Peter Gjøl Jensen , Kim Guldstrand Larsen

Software bugs in cloud management systems often cause erratic behavior, hindering detection, and recovery of failures. As a consequence, the failures are not timely detected and notified, and can silently propagate through the system. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Domenico Cotroneo , Luigi De Simone , Pietro Liguori , Roberto Natella , Angela Scibelli

The architecture of a system captures important design decisions for the system. Over time, changes in a system's implementation may lead to violations of specific design decisions. This problem is common in industry and known as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Diego Marmsoler , Ana Petrovska

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are often built from geographically distributed components and often use programmable logic controllers for localized processes. Since verification of such systems is challenging because of both time…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ritam Ganguly , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

Runtime verification is a computing analysis paradigm based on observing a system at runtime (to check its expected behaviour) by means of monitors generated from formal specifications. Distributed runtime verification is runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Giorgio Audrito , Ferruccio Damiani , Volker Stolz , Mirko Viroli

Runtime assurance (RTA) addresses the problem of keeping an autonomous system safe while using an untrusted (or experimental) controller. This can be done via logic that explicitly switches between the untrusted controller and a safety…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kristina Miller , Christopher K. Zeitler , William Shen , Mahesh Viswanathan , Sayan Mitra

To maximize the information gained from a single execution when verifying a concurrent system, one can derive all concurrency-aware equivalent executions and check them against linear specifications. This paper offers an alternative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Martin Leucker

Assuring the safety and trustworthiness of autonomous systems is particularly difficult when learning-enabled components and open environments are involved. Formal methods provide strong guarantees but depend on complete models and static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Angelo Ferrando