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In recent years, our society is being plagued by unprecedented levels of privacy and security breaches. To rein in this trend, the European Union, in 2018, introduced a comprehensive legislation called the General Data Protection Regulation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Supreeth Shastri , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) forces IT companies to comply with a number of principles when dealing with European citizens' personal data. Non-compliant companies are exposed to penalties which may represent up to 4% of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alain Tchana , Raphael Colin , Adrien Le Berre , Vincent Berger , Benoit Combemale , Natacha Crooks , Ludovic Pailler

This article examines the principles outlined in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of social network data. We provide both a practical guide to GDPR-compliant social network data processing, covering aspects such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Andreas Kotsios , Matteo Magnani , Luca Rossi , Irina Shklovski , Davide Vega

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that will replace the existing Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018. The most significant change is a huge increase in the maximum fine that can be levied for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 John KC Kingston

Data privacy legislation, such as GDPR and CCPA/CPRA, has rendered data privacy law compliance a requirement of all software systems. Developers need to implement various kinds of functionalities to cover law needs, including user rights…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ioanna Theophilou , Georgia M. Kapitsaki

Previous research has been carried out to identify the impediments that prevent developers from incorporating privacy protocols into software applications. No research has been carried out to find out why developers are not able to develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Abdulrahman Alhazmi , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) remains the gold standard in privacy and security regulation. We investigate how the cost and effort required to implement GDPR is viewed by workers who have also experienced the regulations'…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Gerard Buckley , Tristan Caulfield , Ingolf Becker

The data revolution continues to transform every sector of science, industry and government. Due to the incredible impact of data-driven technology on society, we are becoming increasingly aware of the imperative to use data and algorithms…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Serge Abiteboul , Julia Stoyanovich

Context: Consistent requirements and system specifications are essential for the compliance of software systems towards the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Both artefacts need to be grounded in the original text and conjointly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Oleksandr Kosenkov , Ehsan Zabardast , Davide Fucci , Daniel Mendez , Michael Unterkalmsteiner

A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Eun-Young Kang

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) brings new challenges for companies who must ensure they have an appropriate legal basis for processing personal data and must provide transparency with respect to personal data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Sabrina Kirrane , Javier D. Fernández , Piero Bonatti , Uros Milosevic , Axel Polleres , Rigo Wenning

Data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the US affect how software may handle the personal data of its users. Prior literature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Anne Henning , Lukas Schulte , Steffen Herbold , Oksana Kulyk , Peter Mayer

Specifying legal requirements for software systems to ensure their compliance with the applicable regulations is a major concern to requirements engineering (RE). Personal data which is collected by an organization is often shared with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented in 2018 to strengthen and harmonize the data protection of individuals within the European Union. One key aspect is Article 15, which gives individuals the right to access their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Daniela Pöhn , Niklas Mörsdorf , Wolfgang Hommel

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has become a touchstone model for modern privacy law, in part because it empowers consumers with unprecedented control over the use of their personal information. However, this same power may be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-03 James Pavur , Casey Knerr

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires an organisation that suffers a data breach to notify the competent Data Protection Authority. The organisation must also inform the relevant individuals, when a data breach threatens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Hadi Asghari , Noël Bangma , Jaap-Henk Hoepman

Growing recognition of the potential for exploitation of personal data and of the shortcomings of prior privacy regimes has led to the passage of a multitude of new online privacy regulations. Some of these laws -- notably the European…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Eleanor Birrell , Jay Rodolitz , Angel Ding , Jenna Lee , Emily McReynolds , Jevan Hutson , Ada Lerner

Regulatory compliance is a well-studied area, including research on how to model, check, analyse, enact, and verify compliance of software. However, while the theoretical body of knowledge is vast, empirical evidence on challenges with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Muhammad Usman , Michael Felderer , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Eriks Klotins , Daniel Mendez , Emil Alegroth

Privacy is a key challenge for continued digitalization of health. The forthcoming European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is transforming this challenge into regulatory directives. User consent provisioning and coordinating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Xiang Su , Jarkko Hyysalo , Mika Rautiainen , Jukka Riekki , Jaakko Sauvola , Altti Ilari Maarala , Harri Honko

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in May 2018, leads to important changes in this area: companies are now required to ask for users' consent before collecting and sharing personal data and by law…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Tobias Urban , Dennis Tatang , Martin Degeling , Thorsten Holz , Norbert Pohlmann