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In real-world scenarios, the number of training samples across classes usually subjects to a long-tailed distribution. The conventionally trained network may achieve unexpected inferior performance on the rare class compared to the frequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yuxiang Bao , Guoliang Kang , Linlin Yang , Xiaoyue Duan , Bo Zhao , Baochang Zhang

Extensive researches have applied deep neural networks (DNNs) in class incremental learning (Class-IL). As building blocks of DNNs, batch normalization (BN) standardizes intermediate feature maps and has been widely validated to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Minghao Zhou , Quanziang Wang , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

Batch Normalization (BN) has been proven to be quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, BN brings additional computation, consumes more memory and generally slows down the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Shuang Wu , Guoqi Li , Lei Deng , Liu Liu , Yuan Xie , Luping Shi

A critically important, ubiquitous, and yet poorly understood ingredient in modern deep networks (DNs) is batch normalization (BN), which centers and normalizes the feature maps. To date, only limited progress has been made understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Randall Balestriero , Richard G. Baraniuk

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are highly effective unsupervised learning frameworks that can generate very sharp data, even for data such as images with complex, highly multimodal distributions. However GANs are known to be very…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-05 Sitao Xiang , Hao Li

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) use 1-bit weights and activations to efficiently execute deep convolutional neural networks on edge devices. Nevertheless, the binarization of the first layer is conventionally excluded, as it leads to a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Lorenzo Vorabbi , Davide Maltoni , Stefano Santi

The convolutional neural networks (CNN), including AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGGNet, etc. extract features for many computer vision problems which are very discriminative. The trained CNN model over one dataset performs reasonably well whereas on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shiv Ram Dubey , Soumendu Chakraborty

Binarized neural networks, or BNNs, show great promise in edge-side applications with resource limited hardware, but raise the concerns of reduced accuracy. Motivated by the complex neural networks, in this paper we introduce complex…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Yanfei Li , Tong Geng , Ang Li , Huimin Yu

Despite the significant success of deep learning in computer vision tasks, cross-domain tasks still present a challenge in which the model's performance will degrade when the training set and the test set follow different distributions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Lei Qi , Dongjia Zhao , Yinghuan Shi , Xin Geng

Binary neural networks utilize 1-bit quantized weights and activations to reduce both the model's storage demands and computational burden. However, advanced binary architectures still incorporate millions of inefficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Ruichen Ma , Guanchao Qiao , Yian Liu , Liwei Meng , Ning Ning , Yang Liu , Shaogang Hu

Some real-world domains, such as Agriculture and Healthcare, comprise early-stage disease indications whose recording constitutes a rare event, and yet, whose precise detection at that stage is critical. In this type of highly imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Veysel Kocaman , Ofer M. Shir , Thomas Bäck

Early-stage disease indications are rarely recorded in real-world domains, such as Agriculture and Healthcare, and yet, their accurate identification is critical in that point of time. In this type of highly imbalanced classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Veysel Kocaman , Ofer M. Shir , Thomas Baeck

Binary neural networks (BNNs), where both weights and activations are binarized into 1 bit, have been widely studied in recent years due to its great benefit of highly accelerated computation and substantially reduced memory footprint that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuo Su , Linpu Fang , Deke Guo , Dewen Hu , Matti Pietikäinen , Li Liu

Modern deep learning architecture utilize batch normalization (BN) to stabilize training and improve accuracy. It has been shown that the BN layers alone are surprisingly expressive. In the context of robustness against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Nils Philipp Walter , David Stutz , Bernt Schiele

Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Jimmy Lei Ba , Jamie Ryan Kiros , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Normalization layers are essential in a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). Various normalization methods have been proposed. The statistics used to normalize the feature maps can be computed at batch, channel, or instance level.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Xiao-Yun Zhou , Peichao Li , Zhao-Yang Wang , Guang-Zhong Yang

Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Sergey Ioffe , Christian Szegedy

A convolutional layer in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) consists of many filters which apply convolution operation to the input, capture some special patterns and pass the result to the next layer. If the same patterns also occur at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Okan Köpüklü , Maryam Babaee , Stefan Hörmann , Gerhard Rigoll

For the efficient execution of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) on edge devices, various approaches have been presented which reduce the bit width of the network parameters down to 1 bit. Binarization of the first layer was always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Robert Dürichen , Thomas Rocznik , Oliver Renz , Christian Peters

Batch Normalization (BN) is an important preprocessing step to many deep learning applications. Since it is a data-dependent process, for some homogeneous datasets it is a redundant or even a performance-degrading process. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Wael Alsobhi , Tarik Alafif , Alaa Abdel-Hakim , Weiwei Zong